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NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM 4
ACTUAL EXAM NEWSET VERSION -2025/2026- QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% SUCCEESS)
What are peroxisomes?
involved in the production and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell?
the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes?
Cellular injury causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus?
the largest membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center.
The chief functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic
information.
What is Cytoplasm?
, 2
an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space between the nucleus and the
plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in?
a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer
nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and
lipid components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do?
a network of smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi
complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory
vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do?
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive
enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to
their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
Importance of proteins in disease
The major workhorses of the cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
, 3
What are mitochondria responsible for?
. Mitochondria contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy
metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton?
the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The internal skeleton is composed of a network
of protein filaments, including microtubules and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane?
encloses the cell and, by controlling the movement of substances across it, exerts
a powerful influence on metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction?
The transfer of molecular signals from the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not
done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of?
protein homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is
composed of ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown
or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM 4
ACTUAL EXAM NEWSET VERSION -2025/2026- QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% SUCCEESS)
What are peroxisomes?
involved in the production and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell?
the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes?
Cellular injury causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus?
the largest membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center.
The chief functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic
information.
What is Cytoplasm?
, 2
an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space between the nucleus and the
plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in?
a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer
nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and
lipid components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do?
a network of smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi
complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory
vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do?
saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive
enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to
their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
Importance of proteins in disease
The major workhorses of the cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
, 3
What are mitochondria responsible for?
. Mitochondria contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy
metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton?
the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The internal skeleton is composed of a network
of protein filaments, including microtubules and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane?
encloses the cell and, by controlling the movement of substances across it, exerts
a powerful influence on metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction?
The transfer of molecular signals from the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not
done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of?
protein homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is
composed of ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown
or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
