ne
tz
sh
ne
WGU 785 Final Exam la
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
tz
Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for
sh
Sp
their kids?
ne
Correct answer- His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
la
tz
Autosomal:
sh
Dominant:
Sp
ne
Correct answer- Autosomal: males and females equally affected.
Dominant: non-carrier parents
la
tz
sh
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Correct answer- The process of copying DNA in the
Sp
lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers.
ne
la
3 Steps of PCR
tz
sh
Correct answer- 1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
Sp
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want to copy and
ne
add DNA polymerase.
la
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding nucleotides building
tz
sh
a new DNA strand.
Sp
ne
Base Excision Repair (BER) Correct answer- How you repair a mutation. BER is used
la
to repair damage to a base caused by harmful molecules. You remove the base that is
tz
damaged and replace it. *BER removes a single nucleotide*
sh
Sp
DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
ne
DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
la
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
tz
sh
Sp
Correct answer- replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a mismatch
ne
pair gets through. MMR removes a large section of the nucleotides from the new DNA
la
and DNA polymerase tries again. (Ex: C-T instead of C-A)
tz
sh
Sp
Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
ne
Correct answer- When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as G-T
la
instead of G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
tz
sh
Sp
What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
ne
Correct answer- TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides
la
and matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with
tz
RNA primer to work.
sh
Sp
ne
What is needed for DNA replication?
la
sh
Sp
la
Sp
, ne
tz
sh
ne
Correct answer- DNA polymerase
la
tz
Nonsense Mutation
sh
Sp
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop= nonsense
ne
because it is no more.
la
tz
Silent Mutation
sh
Sp
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid. Silent= the
ne
change doesn't change the name of the protein
la
tz
Missense Mutation
sh
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino acid.
Sp
ne
Missense = mistake was made.
la
What happends during RNA splicing?
tz
sh
Correct answer- During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons are joined
Sp
together.
ne
la
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
tz
sh
Find the DNA template strand.
Sp
Correct answer- 3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5'
ne
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite number, then go
la
L-R with the complimentary letter.
tz
sh
Sp
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
ne
What is the corresonding mRNA sequence?
la
Correct answer- 5'AUG AGU CUC UCU 3'
tz
sh
This sequence is the same as the coding strand except T changes to U because it is
Sp
RNA. RNA doesn't have T.
ne
la
How would a mutation from CTC to ATC affect the protein sequence? (CTC/ATC -
coding strand, AUC - mRNA strand)
tz
sh
Sp
Correct answer- This will make a missense mutation because it changes the name of
ne
the protein. (look at the chart provided.) missense = mistake
la
tz
DNA replication process
sh
Sp
Correct answer- DNA ->Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Polypeptide
ne
la
Describe how you would find what ionized Alanine looks like.
tz
Correct answer- This is an amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a hydrophobic
sh
Sp
amino acid that has CH3. It is a weak interaction. An ionized acid will have a + or -
ne
charge.
la
tz
Describe what causes the misfolding of protein in Alzheimer's Disease.
sh
Sp
Correct answer- Protein misfolding is caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular
ne
plaques (senile plaques) caused by abnormal protein aggregation.
la
sh
Sp
la
Sp
tz
sh
ne
WGU 785 Final Exam la
tz
sh
Sp
ne
la
tz
Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for
sh
Sp
their kids?
ne
Correct answer- His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
la
tz
Autosomal:
sh
Dominant:
Sp
ne
Correct answer- Autosomal: males and females equally affected.
Dominant: non-carrier parents
la
tz
sh
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Correct answer- The process of copying DNA in the
Sp
lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers.
ne
la
3 Steps of PCR
tz
sh
Correct answer- 1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
Sp
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want to copy and
ne
add DNA polymerase.
la
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding nucleotides building
tz
sh
a new DNA strand.
Sp
ne
Base Excision Repair (BER) Correct answer- How you repair a mutation. BER is used
la
to repair damage to a base caused by harmful molecules. You remove the base that is
tz
damaged and replace it. *BER removes a single nucleotide*
sh
Sp
DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
ne
DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
la
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
tz
sh
Sp
Correct answer- replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a mismatch
ne
pair gets through. MMR removes a large section of the nucleotides from the new DNA
la
and DNA polymerase tries again. (Ex: C-T instead of C-A)
tz
sh
Sp
Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
ne
Correct answer- When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as G-T
la
instead of G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
tz
sh
Sp
What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
ne
Correct answer- TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides
la
and matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with
tz
RNA primer to work.
sh
Sp
ne
What is needed for DNA replication?
la
sh
Sp
la
Sp
, ne
tz
sh
ne
Correct answer- DNA polymerase
la
tz
Nonsense Mutation
sh
Sp
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop= nonsense
ne
because it is no more.
la
tz
Silent Mutation
sh
Sp
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid. Silent= the
ne
change doesn't change the name of the protein
la
tz
Missense Mutation
sh
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino acid.
Sp
ne
Missense = mistake was made.
la
What happends during RNA splicing?
tz
sh
Correct answer- During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons are joined
Sp
together.
ne
la
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
tz
sh
Find the DNA template strand.
Sp
Correct answer- 3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5'
ne
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite number, then go
la
L-R with the complimentary letter.
tz
sh
Sp
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
ne
What is the corresonding mRNA sequence?
la
Correct answer- 5'AUG AGU CUC UCU 3'
tz
sh
This sequence is the same as the coding strand except T changes to U because it is
Sp
RNA. RNA doesn't have T.
ne
la
How would a mutation from CTC to ATC affect the protein sequence? (CTC/ATC -
coding strand, AUC - mRNA strand)
tz
sh
Sp
Correct answer- This will make a missense mutation because it changes the name of
ne
the protein. (look at the chart provided.) missense = mistake
la
tz
DNA replication process
sh
Sp
Correct answer- DNA ->Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Polypeptide
ne
la
Describe how you would find what ionized Alanine looks like.
tz
Correct answer- This is an amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a hydrophobic
sh
Sp
amino acid that has CH3. It is a weak interaction. An ionized acid will have a + or -
ne
charge.
la
tz
Describe what causes the misfolding of protein in Alzheimer's Disease.
sh
Sp
Correct answer- Protein misfolding is caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular
ne
plaques (senile plaques) caused by abnormal protein aggregation.
la
sh
Sp
la
Sp
