HAWAII VETERINARY STATE LICENSING EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025

HAWAII LATEST
VETERINARY STATE
LICENSING EXAM
Transmission of canine ehrlichiosis is by ___________ (common
name and species name)
brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineous)
Two main methods of transmission of canine ehrlichiosis:
Host-tick-host transmission
Blood transfusion
T/F: there is evidence of vertical transmission of Canine ehrlichiosis
False
Canine ehrlichiosis: Acute signs:
BLEEDING TENDENCIES
Fever
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
thrombocytopenia
Anorexia
Depression
Lethargy
Stiffness/reluctance to walk
Edema of limbs/scrotum
coughing/Dyspnea
How long can a the subclinical phase of Canine Ehrlichiosis last?
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, HAWAII LATEST
VETERINARY STATE
LICENSING EXAM
months to years
Incubation period of Canine Ehrlichiosis
1-3 weeks
Three phases of Canine Ehrlichiosis
Acute: (1-4 weeks): Patient has clinical signs, not treated, recover and
clear organism
Subclinical (months to years): patient has no clinical signs
Chronic: Recurrence of clinical signs
Canine ehrlichiosis: Lab findings
Mild anemmia
Leukopenia/leukocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
MORULAE IN MONOCYTES ON BLOOD SMEARS
Canine ehrlichiosis: Chronic signs
organ dysfunction
splenomegaly
weight loss
severe thrombocytopenia causing epistaxis
hematuria
melena
petechiae
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, HAWAII LATEST
VETERINARY STATE
LICENSING EXAM
ecchymosis
pancytopenia
shifting leg lameness
FUO
Diagnosis of Canine ehrlichiosis
BLOOD SMEAR: MORULAE IN MONOCYTES
Canine ehrlichiosis treatment:
Doxycycline 5-10 mg/kg PO q24h x 10 - 21 days
Canine ehrlichiosis ______ transmission
Anaplasma: _______ transmission
Babesia: _______ transmission
host-tick-host (horizontal)
horizontal
vertical
Leptospirosis:
type of bacteria: ______
Zoonotic? ______
gram negative SPIROCHETE
YES!



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, HAWAII LATEST
VETERINARY STATE
LICENSING EXAM
Transmission/Pathogenesis of leptospirosis:
Transmitted (penetrates) across ________ or __________
Can it be transmitted via aerosol?
Direct contact with _______, _______, _______ fluids
mucous membranes or open wounds (skin).
NO!
urine, venereal, placental, milk
Leptospirosis is excreted/transmitted primary via: _________

Lepto is spread indirectly via ________, ________, ____________,
ingestion of _________ _______________
Urine

Water, soil, enviornment, ingestion of infected tissues
Pathophysiology of leptospirosis
Blood --> vascular endothelial damage --> capillary leakage -->
hemorrhage --> vasculitis --> kidneys, liver, spleen CNS --> DIC

Can colonize renal tubules
Organs affected by Lepto



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