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conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when
actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge arises in balancing both ethical
and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare
is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medical
professionals regularly face situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only
have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues
include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**One of the fundamental ethical
principles in healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions
about their own bodies and medical
Chapter 01: Health and Wellness
Potter et al: Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is using the population health promotion model to develop actions for improving
health. After asking, “On what should we take action?”; “How should we take action?”; and
“Why should we take action?” the nurse will ask which of the following questions?
a. “With whom should we act?”
b. “When should we take action?”
c. “Which government should take action?”
d. “Where should we first act?”
ANS: A
The next question to ask when using the population health model approach is “With whom
should we act?” The other choices are not questions included in this model.
DIF: Apply REF: 13 (Figure 1-5)
OBJ: Contrast distinguishing features of health promotion and disease prevention.
TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The principle “Health promotion is multisectoral” means which of the following?
a. Relationships between individual, social, and environmental factors must be
recognized.
b. Physical, mental, social, ecological, cultural, and spiritual aspects of health must
be recognized.
c. In order to change unhealthy living and working conditions, areas other than health
must also be involved.
d. Health promotion uses knowledge from disciplines such as social, economic,
political, environmental, medical, and nursing sciences, as well as from first-hand
experience.
ANS: C
The statement “Health promotion is multisectoral” is the principle explained by the necessity
to involve areas other than health in order to change unhealthy living and working conditions.
DIF: Understand REF: 11
OBJ: Contrast distinguishing features of health promotion and disease prevention.
TOP: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. According to the World Health Organization, what is the best description of “health”?
a. Simply the absence of disease.
b. Involving the total person and environment.
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c. Strictly personal in nature.
d. Status of pathological state.
ANS: B
WHO defines health as “. . .the extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one
hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with
the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of
living; it is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical
capacities.” Nurses’ attitudes toward health and illness should consider the total person, as
well as the environment in which the person lives. People free of disease are not equally
healthy. Views of health have broadened to include mental, social, and spiritual well-being, as
well as a focus on health at family and community levels. Conditions of life, rather than
pathological states, are what determine health.
conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play
when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge arises in balancing
both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in
Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly
pronounced. Medical professionals regularly face situations that require them to make
complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise
profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed
Consent**One of the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient
autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical
DIF: Knowledge REF: 2
OBJ: Discuss ways that definitions of health have been conceptualized.
TOP: Evaluate MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. What priority strategy for health promotion in Canada is optional but seen as important to
incorporate in nursing education curricula?
a. Knowledge of disease prevention.
b. Strategies for health promotion.
c. Policy advocacy.
d. Concepts of determinants of health.
ANS: C
Increasingly, policy advocacy is incorporated into nursing role statements and nursing
education curricula. Nurses should think about policies that have contributed to health
problems, policies that would help alleviate health problems, and how nurses champion public
policies. Disease prevention, health promotion, and concepts of determinants of health are
integral parts of nursing curricula.
DIF: Understand REF: 11| 12
OBJ: Analyze how the nature and scope of nursing practice are influenced by different
conceptualizations of health and health determinants. TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. Which of the following is a prerequisite for health, as identified by the Ottawa Charter for
Health Promotion?
a. Education.
b. Social support.
c. Self-esteem.
d. Physical environment.
ANS: A
Education is one of the nine prerequisites for health that were identified in the Ottawa Charter
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for Health Promotion. Lack of social support and low self-esteem were identified as
psychosocial risk factors by Labonte (1993). Dangerous physical environments were
identified as socioenvironmental risk factors by Labonte (1993).
DIF: Understand REF: 4
OBJ: Discuss contributions of the following Canadian publications to conceptualizations of health
and health determinants: Lalonde Report, Ottawa Charter, Epp Report, Strategies for Population
Health, Jakarta Declaration, Bangkok Charter, Toronto Charter. TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. The determinant of health with the greatest effect on the health of Canadians is which of the
following?
a. Education.
b. Health services.
c. Social support networks.
d. Income and social status.
ANS: D
Income, income distribution, and social status constitute the greatest determinant of health
because they influence most other determinants. Some investigators suggest that literacy and
education are important influences on health status because they affect many other health
determinants. Approximately 25% of a population’s health status is attributed to the quality of
its health care services. Social support affects health, health behaviours, and health care
utilization but is not the greatest determinant of health.
conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play
when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge arises in balancing
both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in
Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly
pronounced. Medical professionals regularly face situations that require them to make
complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise
profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed
Consent**One of the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient
autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical
DIF: Understand REF: 6
OBJ: Discuss key health determinants and their interrelationships and how they influence health.
TOP: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. A paraplegic patient in the hospital for an electrolyte imbalance is receiving care at which
prevention level?
a. Primary prevention level.
b. Secondary prevention level.
c. Tertiary prevention level.
d. Health promotion level.
ANS: B
The secondary prevention level focuses on early detection of disease once pathogenesis has
occurred, so that prompt treatment can be initiated to halt disease and limit disability. The
primary prevention level focuses on health promotion, specific protection measures such as
immunizations, and the reduction of risk factors such as smoking. The tertiary prevention
level focuses on minimizing residual disability.
DIF: Apply REF: 11
OBJ: Contrast distinguishing features of health promotion and disease prevention.
TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. The nurse incorporates levels of prevention on the basis of patient needs and the type of
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conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play when
actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge arises in balancing both ethical
and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in Healthcare**Healthcare
is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly pronounced. Medical
professionals regularly face situations that require them to make complex decisions that not only
have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise profound moral questions. These issues
include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent**One of the fundamental ethical
principles in healthcare is respect for patient autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions
about their own bodies and medical
Chapter 01: Health and Wellness
Potter et al: Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is using the population health promotion model to develop actions for improving
health. After asking, “On what should we take action?”; “How should we take action?”; and
“Why should we take action?” the nurse will ask which of the following questions?
a. “With whom should we act?”
b. “When should we take action?”
c. “Which government should take action?”
d. “Where should we first act?”
ANS: A
The next question to ask when using the population health model approach is “With whom
should we act?” The other choices are not questions included in this model.
DIF: Apply REF: 13 (Figure 1-5)
OBJ: Contrast distinguishing features of health promotion and disease prevention.
TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. The principle “Health promotion is multisectoral” means which of the following?
a. Relationships between individual, social, and environmental factors must be
recognized.
b. Physical, mental, social, ecological, cultural, and spiritual aspects of health must
be recognized.
c. In order to change unhealthy living and working conditions, areas other than health
must also be involved.
d. Health promotion uses knowledge from disciplines such as social, economic,
political, environmental, medical, and nursing sciences, as well as from first-hand
experience.
ANS: C
The statement “Health promotion is multisectoral” is the principle explained by the necessity
to involve areas other than health in order to change unhealthy living and working conditions.
DIF: Understand REF: 11
OBJ: Contrast distinguishing features of health promotion and disease prevention.
TOP: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. According to the World Health Organization, what is the best description of “health”?
a. Simply the absence of disease.
b. Involving the total person and environment.
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c. Strictly personal in nature.
d. Status of pathological state.
ANS: B
WHO defines health as “. . .the extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one
hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with
the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of
living; it is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical
capacities.” Nurses’ attitudes toward health and illness should consider the total person, as
well as the environment in which the person lives. People free of disease are not equally
healthy. Views of health have broadened to include mental, social, and spiritual well-being, as
well as a focus on health at family and community levels. Conditions of life, rather than
pathological states, are what determine health.
conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play
when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge arises in balancing
both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in
Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly
pronounced. Medical professionals regularly face situations that require them to make
complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise
profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed
Consent**One of the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient
autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical
DIF: Knowledge REF: 2
OBJ: Discuss ways that definitions of health have been conceptualized.
TOP: Evaluate MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. What priority strategy for health promotion in Canada is optional but seen as important to
incorporate in nursing education curricula?
a. Knowledge of disease prevention.
b. Strategies for health promotion.
c. Policy advocacy.
d. Concepts of determinants of health.
ANS: C
Increasingly, policy advocacy is incorporated into nursing role statements and nursing
education curricula. Nurses should think about policies that have contributed to health
problems, policies that would help alleviate health problems, and how nurses champion public
policies. Disease prevention, health promotion, and concepts of determinants of health are
integral parts of nursing curricula.
DIF: Understand REF: 11| 12
OBJ: Analyze how the nature and scope of nursing practice are influenced by different
conceptualizations of health and health determinants. TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. Which of the following is a prerequisite for health, as identified by the Ottawa Charter for
Health Promotion?
a. Education.
b. Social support.
c. Self-esteem.
d. Physical environment.
ANS: A
Education is one of the nine prerequisites for health that were identified in the Ottawa Charter
NURSINGTESTBANK.NET FOR INQUIRIES
, CANADIAN FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING POTTER 6TH EDITION TEST BANK > INQUIRES
for Health Promotion. Lack of social support and low self-esteem were identified as
psychosocial risk factors by Labonte (1993). Dangerous physical environments were
identified as socioenvironmental risk factors by Labonte (1993).
DIF: Understand REF: 4
OBJ: Discuss contributions of the following Canadian publications to conceptualizations of health
and health determinants: Lalonde Report, Ottawa Charter, Epp Report, Strategies for Population
Health, Jakarta Declaration, Bangkok Charter, Toronto Charter. TOP: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. The determinant of health with the greatest effect on the health of Canadians is which of the
following?
a. Education.
b. Health services.
c. Social support networks.
d. Income and social status.
ANS: D
Income, income distribution, and social status constitute the greatest determinant of health
because they influence most other determinants. Some investigators suggest that literacy and
education are important influences on health status because they affect many other health
determinants. Approximately 25% of a population’s health status is attributed to the quality of
its health care services. Social support affects health, health behaviours, and health care
utilization but is not the greatest determinant of health.
conflict, or where there is no clear "right" answer. Legal issues, meanwhile, come into play
when actions conflict with established laws or legal norms. The challenge arises in balancing
both ethical and legal considerations when making decisions.### 2. **Ethical Issues in
Healthcare**Healthcare is one of the sectors where ethical and legal issues are particularly
pronounced. Medical professionals regularly face situations that require them to make
complex decisions that not only have life-altering consequences for patients but also raise
profound moral questions. These issues include:#### 2.1 **Patient Autonomy and Informed
Consent**One of the fundamental ethical principles in healthcare is respect for patient
autonomy—the right of patients to make decisions about their own bodies and medical
DIF: Understand REF: 6
OBJ: Discuss key health determinants and their interrelationships and how they influence health.
TOP: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. A paraplegic patient in the hospital for an electrolyte imbalance is receiving care at which
prevention level?
a. Primary prevention level.
b. Secondary prevention level.
c. Tertiary prevention level.
d. Health promotion level.
ANS: B
The secondary prevention level focuses on early detection of disease once pathogenesis has
occurred, so that prompt treatment can be initiated to halt disease and limit disability. The
primary prevention level focuses on health promotion, specific protection measures such as
immunizations, and the reduction of risk factors such as smoking. The tertiary prevention
level focuses on minimizing residual disability.
DIF: Apply REF: 11
OBJ: Contrast distinguishing features of health promotion and disease prevention.
TOP: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. The nurse incorporates levels of prevention on the basis of patient needs and the type of
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