WI Pesticide Applicator FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION

WI Pesticide Applicator FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION 1. Define plant disease and what causes disease. - ANSWER Plant disease is any harmful change in the physiology and/or structure of a plant caused by the continuous irritation of a primary causal agent (pathogen). 2. List examples of plant pathogens. - ANSWER 1. Fungi Oomycetes Nematodes Bacteria Viruses Phytoplasmas Viroids 3. Describe the damage that pests discussed in this chapter can cause to turf and landscapes. - ANSWER 1. They can girdle roots and stems and can kill or severly injure trees and shrubs. 2. Pests eat bark and branches of trees and shrubs. 3. They burrow tunnels in the turf, which exposes roots to air, sometimes killing grass or other plants. 4. What are some management options for controlling the pests? - ANSWER 1. repellents and/or pesticides 2. trapping 3. eliminating food sources and habitat 4. fencing 5. What are ways of classifying pesticides? - ANSWER 1. Their chemical nature 2. Their formulation 3. The site on which they are used 4. Use pattern or purpose of treatment 5. The mode of action 6. The target pest you are trying to control 7. The type of organisms controlled 6. What are the differences between inorganic, organic and microbial pesticides? - ANSWER Organic Pesticide: the compound contains the element of carbon. Inorganic Pesticide: the compound does not contain carbon. 7. Microbial Pesticide: these are bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which cause disease in given species or pests. 8. Explain the difference between the different types of pesticide names. - ANSWER Chemical Names: Usually long hard to pronounce and difficult to use. 9. Common Names: Easier to use. Appear on the label on the same line with the Chemical name. Referes to an active ingredient in the product. 10. Trade Names: Manufacturers generally give one or more specific names to each commercial formulation of a particular active ingredient. It appears in large letters at the top of the label. Can sometimes be the same name as the Common Name. 11. What is necessary for an herbicide to kill a plant? - ANSWER 1. It must be aborbed into the plant, either through the leaves, stems, or roots. 2. It must then be moved to the sensitive part of the plant. 3. It must block an important process in the plant (i.e. photosynthesis) 12. Describe the uses and limitations of contact and systemic herbicides. - ANSWER Contact Herbicides: These do not move within the plant they are spraye on and only kill the parts of the plant they actually touch. They do not provide residual control. 13. Systemic Herbicides: These absorbed through leaves or roots and then are transported within the treated plant. They often can kill the entire plant even if all the leaves are not treated. 14. How is fungi spread? - ANSWER Wind, rain splash, or insect vectors 15. How is Oomycetes spread? - ANSWER Wind, rain splash, Transfer of infested soil (for example on equipment tires) 16. How is Bacteria spread? - ANSWER Rain splash, insect vectors, and on tools 17. How is Phytoplasmas spread? - ANSWER Only by insect vectors (principally leafhoppers) 18. How are Viruses spread? - ANSWER Insect vectors, mechanical transmission (rubbing of infected leaf onto another leaf by equipment), some are seed borne, vegetative propagation. 19. What are examples of plant diseases? - ANSWER Fungi,Oomycetes,Bacteria,Viroids, 20. Oomycetes can be describe as - ANSWER Water Molds 21. prerequisites for a plant disease - ANSWER population, Host, ideal environment, time, 22. Largest Group of plant diseases - ANSWER Fungi 23. A Chemical Formulation capable of causing injury to plants - ANSWER Phytotoxic 24. Reasons to consider treating an infected area with pesticides - ANSWER When other prsctices don't work,high value,quality reduced,sudden breakout 25. What is abiotic - ANSWER Non-living (example wind damage) 26. What is biotic? - ANSWER living (Example Fungi) 27. T or F Should you avoid driving through field when foliage is wet, to prevent diseases. - ANSWER T 28. What is a Pest - ANSWER any organism that competes with people for food, fiber or space, or presents a health risk to people or domestic animals 29. What is an Arthropod - ANSWER Arthropods are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, like insects and arachnids 30. What type of damages do arthropods cause - ANSWER Chewing on leaves, Tunneling in roots, Sucking on plant, cause galls, Inject toxins, transmit diseases, feed on livestock 31. Difference between insects and arachnids - ANSWER Insects have 3 pairs of legs, wings and antennae 3 regions of the body head, thorax and abdomen. While arachnids have 4 pairs of legs, not wing and no antennae 2 regions head and thorax. 32. What is the difference between simple metamorphosis and complete metamorphosis - ANSWER Simple Metamoph. is 3 stages egg, nymph, and adult. gradual change. Complex Metamorph. 4 distinct stages egg, larva, pupa, and adult 33. How dose Temp. and Humidity effect insect development. - ANSWER Higher temp and humidity is typically better for insects. Temp above threshold will increase reproduction and humidity will decrease stress. 34. Corn ear worm properties - ANSWER can vary in color grow 1 inch 1/2 long 35. Advantages of using insecticides - ANSWER effective against thousands of insects, they act quickly, effectiveness can be evaluated quickly, equipment and formulations are common 36. disadvantages of insecticides - ANSWER the wide range can kill beneficial insects, reapeated use can lead to resistance, added cost of production, potential for drift to areas with benifical insects 37. Describe ways insecticides are used - ANSWER Seed Treatment, Soil Application (in Furrow), foliar application to leaves or fruit. 38. Define weed - ANSWER Unwanted Plants, we consider all plants except the crop to be a weed. 39. Two Main Goals of weed management. - ANSWER Minimize weed competition, and yield loss. Other main goal is to limit a weeds reproductions to reduce weed population in future years. 40. Describe ways weeds can pose problems in crop production - ANSWER Compete with crops, Reduce crop quality, interfere with production, produce chemical inhibitors, Irritate or poison, support insects and diseases, 41. What is a grass - ANSWER monocots ( corn) 42. what is a broadleaf - ANSWER Dicots ( soybeans) 43. Ways to distinguish a grass. - ANSWER one cotyledon (seed leaf) growing point is at or below soil surface, fibrous root system, Parallel vein pattern on leaves. 44. Ways to distinguish a broadleaf. - ANSWER Two leaves(cotyledons) when they emerge, often looking like the true leaves. growing point at tip of shoot above ground, taproot system, Net like vein pattern on leaves. 45. What is an annual plant. - ANSWER live less than 12 months and produce and abundance to seeds for next year. 46. What is a summer annual - ANSWER Germinate from seed in spring flower and produce seed during sumer and then die in the fall/ winter . 47. what is a winter annual. - ANSWER germinate from seed in fall, over winter as low growing plants, flower and produce seed next spring and then die. 48. what is a Biennial - ANSWER a plant that lives for two growing seasons, it germinate from seed in spring or summer, over winter in the rosette stage, and then the following year flower, seed and then die. 49. what is a Perennial - ANSWER a plant that lives for at least 2 or more years and can reproduce via seed alone or may also spread by vegetative growth 50. How to kill Biennials and anuannal weeds - ANSWER you must kill the whole shoot, if the shoot is cut of with tillage or killed with herbicides it will not grow back from roots 51. How to kill perennial weeds - ANSWER destroy underground vegetative structure, by reputably tilling or using herbicides that translocate and destroy the complete vegetative system. 52. describe preplant application - ANSWER before the crop is planted 53. Describe Preemergence application - ANSWER applied before the crops and/or weeds emerge, tyipicaly after planting but not always. ( just before emergence) 54. Postemergence application - ANSWER application after crop/weeds have emerged. 55. What effects dose soil texture, organic matter and ph have on herbicides. - ANSWER different rates for fine(Clay) vs Coarse(Sand) soils. typically higher rates for fine soils because it bines to soil instead of target weed. same applies for organic Matter, More leaching in coarse soils, Valorization and erosion are also factors 56. Why must you apply postemergence herbicides at proper stages? - ANSWER read label for optimum growth stage to control weed, also keep in mind the pre harvest intervals 57. What influences the uptake of postemergence herbicides - ANSWER rain free period after application, for uptake. Also leaf type will impact uptake for example hair leaves better, waxy leaves worse. Adjuvants will help with this 58. Concerns with antagonistic tank mixture - ANSWER a mix where herbicides may reduce the others effectiveness, where rates may need to change, or apply at difrent times 59. Concerns with herbicide and insecticide interaction - ANSWER Check label some insecticides may weaken crop which may cause herbicide to injure the desired crop. 60. Know the LAW (controlling weeds) - ANSWER State and local laws require you to control certain weeds to prevent their spread, to protect our feed and seed. 61. Define Pesticide - ANSWER is any substance used to directly control pest populations or to prevent or reduce pest damage. 62. Define IPM - ANSWER Integrated Pest Management is an ecological approach to pest management that combines all available necessary techniques into a unified program, the goal is to manage pest populations in a way that avoids economic damage and minimizes adverse side effects 63. Benefits of IPM - ANSWER Helps preserve balanced ecosystem Pesticides can be ineffective IPM can save money Promotes healthy environment maintain a good public image 64. Describe feature of and how to use a hydraulic sprayer - ANSWER can range from large ag sprayers to small backpack sprayers it all cases, pressure from either a pump or a compressed air or gas used to atomize the spray mix t nozel will have some kind of tank lid at top