COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
MANUAL
BUSINESS STATISTICS
4th E DITION
Serina Haddad
Robert A. Donnelly
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Business Statistics………………………………………………1-1
Chapter 2: Displaying Descriptive Statistics……………………………………………………2-1
Chapter 3: Calculating Descriptive Statistics………………………………………...…………3-1
Chapter 4: Introduction to Probabilities…………………………………………...……………4-1
Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions…………………………………………..………5-1
Chapter 6: Continuous Probability Distributions……………………………………………….6-1
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions………………………………………………7-1
Chapter 8: Confidence Intervals………………………………………………………………...8-1
Chapter 9: Hypothesis Testing for a Single Population………………………………………...9-1
Chapter 10: Hypothesis Tests Comparing Two Populations…………………………………..10-1
Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Procedures……………………………………..11-1
Chapter 12: Chi-Square Tests………………………………………………………………….12-1
Chapter 13: Hypothesis Tests for the Population Variance……………………………………13-1
Chapter 14: Correlation and Simple Linear Regression……………………………………….14-1
Chapter 15: Multiple Regression and Model Building………………………………………...15-1
Chapter 16: Forecasting………………………………………………………………………..16-1
Chapter 17: Decision Analysis………………………………………………………………...17-1
Chapter 18: Nonparametric Statistics………………………………………………………….18-1
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, CHAPTER 1
An Introduction to Business Statistics
1.1 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between average monthly temperatures are
meaningful, but there is no true zero point, i.e., absence of temperature.
1.2 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between average monthly rainfalls are meaningful, and
there is a true zero point, because there may be a month without any rainfalls.
1.3 Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank education level, but the differences between different
educational levels cannot be measured.
1.4 Qualitative/Nominal. The marital status is just a label without a meaningful difference, or
ranking.
1.5 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between ages of respondents are meaningful and there
is a true zero point: an age of the respondents that equals zero represents the absence of age.
1.6 Qualitative/Nominal. The genders are merely labels with no ranking or meaningful
difference.
1.7 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between birth years are meaningful, but there is no true
zero point with calendar years.
1.8 Qualitative/Nominal. The political affiliations are merely labels with no ranking or
meaningful difference.
1.9 Qualitative/Nominal. The races of the respondents are merely labels with no ranking or
meaningful difference.
1.10 Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank the performance rating, but the differences between
different performance ratings cannot be measured.
1.11 Qualitative/Nominal. The uniform numbers of each member of the school’s sport team are
labels with no ranking or meaningful difference.
1.12 Qualitative/Ordinal. The differences in the data values between class ranks are not
meaningful.
1-1
Copyright ©2026 P
MANUAL
BUSINESS STATISTICS
4th E DITION
Serina Haddad
Robert A. Donnelly
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Business Statistics………………………………………………1-1
Chapter 2: Displaying Descriptive Statistics……………………………………………………2-1
Chapter 3: Calculating Descriptive Statistics………………………………………...…………3-1
Chapter 4: Introduction to Probabilities…………………………………………...……………4-1
Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions…………………………………………..………5-1
Chapter 6: Continuous Probability Distributions……………………………………………….6-1
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions………………………………………………7-1
Chapter 8: Confidence Intervals………………………………………………………………...8-1
Chapter 9: Hypothesis Testing for a Single Population………………………………………...9-1
Chapter 10: Hypothesis Tests Comparing Two Populations…………………………………..10-1
Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Procedures……………………………………..11-1
Chapter 12: Chi-Square Tests………………………………………………………………….12-1
Chapter 13: Hypothesis Tests for the Population Variance……………………………………13-1
Chapter 14: Correlation and Simple Linear Regression……………………………………….14-1
Chapter 15: Multiple Regression and Model Building………………………………………...15-1
Chapter 16: Forecasting………………………………………………………………………..16-1
Chapter 17: Decision Analysis………………………………………………………………...17-1
Chapter 18: Nonparametric Statistics………………………………………………………….18-1
,This page intentionally left blank
, CHAPTER 1
An Introduction to Business Statistics
1.1 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between average monthly temperatures are
meaningful, but there is no true zero point, i.e., absence of temperature.
1.2 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between average monthly rainfalls are meaningful, and
there is a true zero point, because there may be a month without any rainfalls.
1.3 Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank education level, but the differences between different
educational levels cannot be measured.
1.4 Qualitative/Nominal. The marital status is just a label without a meaningful difference, or
ranking.
1.5 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between ages of respondents are meaningful and there
is a true zero point: an age of the respondents that equals zero represents the absence of age.
1.6 Qualitative/Nominal. The genders are merely labels with no ranking or meaningful
difference.
1.7 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between birth years are meaningful, but there is no true
zero point with calendar years.
1.8 Qualitative/Nominal. The political affiliations are merely labels with no ranking or
meaningful difference.
1.9 Qualitative/Nominal. The races of the respondents are merely labels with no ranking or
meaningful difference.
1.10 Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank the performance rating, but the differences between
different performance ratings cannot be measured.
1.11 Qualitative/Nominal. The uniform numbers of each member of the school’s sport team are
labels with no ranking or meaningful difference.
1.12 Qualitative/Ordinal. The differences in the data values between class ranks are not
meaningful.
1-1
Copyright ©2026 P
