PHI 215 Final Exam Practice Questions And Answers Already Passed Graded A+.

Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as _____. - correct answer epistemology The famous statement "An unexamined life is not worth living" is attributed to _____. - correct answer Socrates The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____. - correct answer metaphysics For Socrates the good of the soul is attained only through an uncompromising search for _____. - correct answer what's true and real The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and _____. - correct answer logic The renowned philosopher who lived and worked in the Greek city of Alexandria in the fifth century was _____. - correct answer Hypatia The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true simply because many people believe it is known as _____. - correct answer the Appeal to Popularity _____ is arguing either that (1) a claim is true because it hasn't been proven false or (2) a claim is false because it hasn't been proven true. - correct answer the Appeal to Ignorance For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of _____. - correct answer knowledge A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as _____. - correct answer the Socratic Method The view that mental states are identical to physical brain states. - correct answer Identity theory The view that the mind is the functions that the brain performs. - correct answer Functionalism The view that mind and body are completely independent of one another and interact causally. - correct answer Cartesian dualism According to Descartes he is... - correct answer an immaterial, thinking thing The doctrine that every object and event in the world is physical. - correct answer Materialism The view that mental properties are nonphysical properties arising from, but not reducible to, physical properties. - correct answer Property dualism The issue of what mental phenomena are and how they relate to the physical world. - correct answer Mind-body problem What is Aristotle's view of the possibility of immortality? - correct answer He rejects it. The notion that mental properties do not cause anything, but merely accompany physical processes. - correct answer Epiphenomenalism What is 'the causal closure of the physical'? - correct answer The principle that the world is a closed system of physical processes and effects. Searle argues that the Chinese room thought experiment shows that _____. - correct answer the claims of strong AI are not plausible Searle believes that understanding Chinese (or any other language) is _____. - correct answer not merely a matter of symbol manipulation According to Smart, the report of an "after-image" or "ache" is a report of _____. - correct answer a brain process Block's Chinese brain argument is meant to show that _____. - correct answer functionalism is false Chalmers argues that his zombie is _____. - correct answer conceivable Chalmers's zombie twin is identical to him _____. - correct answer functionally and psychologically According to Fodor, in the functionalist view the psychology of a system depends not on the stuff it is made of but on _____. - correct answer how the stuff is put together Nagel believes that knowledge of what it is like to be a bat can be acquired through scientific investigation. - correct answer False According to Nagel, an organism has conscious mental states if and only if _____. - correct answer there is something that it is like to be that organism Chalmers's zombie is not like the zombies found in Hollywood movies. - correct answer True According to Stace, free acts must be ________. - correct answer those whose immediate causes are psychological states in the agent The Challenge of reconciling determinism with our intuitions or ideas about personal freedom is known as _____. - correct answer The problem of free will According to d'Holbach, all the mental and moral attributes that people think are evidence for an immaterial soul are in fact ___________. - correct answer purely physical and natural The view that not every event is determined by preceding events and the laws of nature. - correct answer Indeterminism Incompatibilities believe that compatibilist freedom is _________. - correct answer not real freedom The view that although determinism is true, our actions can still be free. - correct answer compatibilism According to d'Holbach, people always act according to ________. - correct answer necessary natural laws ___________ hold that determinism is necessary for free will; an undetermined choice, they say, would be random and uncontrolled by the agent. - correct answer compatibilists The branch of science that provides a counterexample to the notion that every even has a cause is known as __________. - correct answer quantum physics The doctrine that every event is determined or necessitated by preceding events and the laws of nature is known as _________. - correct answer determinism Incompatibilities believe that compatibilist freedom is ________. - correct answer not real freedom According to Sartre, there is at least one being in whom existence precedes essence, and that being is __________. - correct answer man The Consequence Argument is supposed to establish ________. - correct answer incompatibilizim According to Taylor, hard determinism conflicts with _________. - correct answer the fact of deliberation and our sense that some actions are up to us Taylor rejects soft determinism. - correct answer True Libertarians contend that real freedom is not just the power to act if we will to act, but ______. - correct answer power over the will itself Van Inwagen rejects compatibilism. - correct answer True Taylor believes that simple determinism allows us to have a plausible form of free will. - correct answer False The view that a free action is caused by an agent (person) is called _________. - correct answer agent causation Taylor thinks that soft determinism is true to our moral intuitions. - correct answer False Question Correct Match Selected Match What is real? How do we know what we know? Dogs are more beautiful than cats. Which objects or persons are the most important? - correct answer What is real? b. Metaphysics How do we know what we know? e. Epistemology Dogs are more beautiful than cats. d. Aesthetics Which objects or persons are the most important? a. Axiology Descartes believes that the very fact that he is thinking shows that __________. - correct answer He exists Locke's purpose is to enquire into ___________. - correct answer the origin and extent of human knowledge Berkeley believes that sensible things cannot exist except in _____________. - correct answer a mind Locke rejected the notion of ____________. - correct answer innate ideas Barkeley insists that heat and cold are ________. - correct answer only sensations existing in our mind The difficulty of justifying the assumption that the future will be like the past is known as _____________. - correct answer the problem of induction Descartes had been disillusioned by his discovery that many of the alleged truths he had learned as a youth were ___________. - correct answer false Locke asserts that all the components of reason and knowledge come from _____________. - correct answer experience Descartes says that, for all he knows, he may be ___________. - correct answer dreaming The philosophical study of knowledge is known as: - correct answer epistemology What was Immanuel Kant's "Copernican Revolution? - correct answer that objects conform to the mind The following is an example of an analytic statement: - correct answer all bodies are extended According to Eve Browning Cole, feminist empiricism maintains that philosophers and scientists need to be told to ___________. - correct answer look again A statement that is not analytic is ____________. - correct answer a synthetic statement Kant wants us to believe that logical and mathematical concepts... - correct answer depend on the innate structure of our minds According to Kant, noumena is... - correct answer the world, in itself, outside our experience Feminist standpoint theory says that different social groups have distinctive kinds of knowledge acquired through... - correct answer unique experiences Feminist postmodernists refuse to accept which basic tenet of feminist standpoint theory? - correct answer that there can be a single privileged perspective from which to acquire knowledge Hume had maintained that knowledge of the world comes entirely from _____________. - correct answer experience An a priori statement is a statement... - correct answer that can be known independently of or prior to experience Paley says that every indication of contrivance that exists in the watch exists in ____________. - correct answer the works of nature Aquinas says that the first efficient cause of everything is ____________. - correct answer God Paley says that if we found a watch and examined it closely, we would naturally infer that it had a maker - even if we had never seen a watch made. - correct answer True According to Aquinas, an infinite regress of causes is ___________. - correct answer impossible The view that God and the universe are one and the same thing, a divine whole. - correct answer pantheism Anselm argues that a being which exists in reality is greater than a being that ____________. - correct answer exists only in the understanding The view that although God and the world are distinct, the world is part of God. - correct answer panentheism Paley's argument, if cogent, proves the existence of a Christian God. - correct answer False According to Paley, we must conclude that a watch had an intelligent designer if the watch _____________. - correct answer shows purpose fullness a belief in one God who created the world but left it unattended to run on its own. - correct answer deism The universal principle that our actions result in deserved pleasure or pain in this life or the next: - correct answer karma Pascal believes that when it comes to the question of God's existence _____. - correct answer reason can decide nothing According to James, a live option is _____. - correct answer a real possibility to someone The ultimate aim of all Buddhist practice and the final liberation to which all the Buddha's teachings point: - correct answer nirvana Pascal says that if you bet that God exists, and he does in fact exist _____. - correct answer you win infinite happiness and lose nothing The view that we are justified in believing something only if it is supported by sufficient evidence: - correct answer evidentialism