BIO302 PRACTICE EXAMS 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔The Hayflick Limit states that normal human fibroblasts in a controlled environment
can undergo over 60 cell divisions when provided appropriate growth factors. T/F -
✔✔False (40-60 cell divisons)
✔✔Which of the following features describes the neovasculature of tumors? -
✔✔chaotic architecture and leakiness
✔✔The Warburg Hypothesis states that cancer cells prefer ______ metabolism. -
✔✔anaerobic
✔✔The loss of the attachment requirement to the basement membrane is a
characteristic of MET. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Cancer cells are able to enable replicative immortality by expressing more
telomerase. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔The immune system has a dual role in oncogenesis, it can destroy abnormal cells,
but it can also enable tumor formation by chronic inflammation T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔p53 mutation in cancer cells can result in the loss of both cell cycle checkpoint
control and initiation of apoptosis. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔The Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway is unique to cancer cells.
T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔All of the following are intrinsic factors that stimulate apoptosis - ✔✔lack of oxygen,
DNA damage, internal cell damage
✔✔Which cancer type arises from epithelial cells? - ✔✔Carcinoma
✔✔A major difference between mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)
is mutations are more frequent than SNPs. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔What are examples of extrinsic mutating agents? - ✔✔ionizing radiation, toxic
chemicals, viruses (NOT reactive oxygen species)
✔✔What refers to the acquisition of additional driver mutations as the neoplasms
develop? - ✔✔Progression
, ✔✔Which of the following is the deviation from normal appearance during the pre-
malignant phase of cancer development? - ✔✔Dysplasia
✔✔Cancer cells are able to create new biological mechanisms that give them a survival
advantage over normal cells. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Cell cycle inhibitors are protein products of proto-oncogenes that allows for
sustained proliferative signaling. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Mechanisms by which expression of a mutated tumor suppressor gene allele is
achieved include all of the following: - ✔✔Mutation of second allele, hypermethylation of
second allele, deletion of second allele (NOT hypomethylation of second allele)
✔✔Most cancers use the alternative pathway of lengthening of of telomerase (ALT) to
lengthen telomerase. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔The activation of the "angiogenic switch" occurs when activation signals ____ and
inhibitory signals ____. - ✔✔Increase; Decrease
✔✔Carcinoma cells generally exhibit a preference for lymphatic invasion over blood
vessel invasion. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔What are the phases of immunoediting process? - ✔✔Equilibrium, Elimination,
Escape
✔✔Age is the most universal risk factor for acquiring cancer. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔For every new cancer case per 10,000 people men have a higher incidence of
cancer than women. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔Darwinian species evolution and cancer evolution both require: - ✔✔mutation of
cells to increase fitness
✔✔Cancer in germ cells have the ability to become any specific cell type and they are
not considered common. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔Genes that drive cell division or gain-of-function mutations can either be "on" or "off"
T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔A mutation has the ability to cause cancer in all cells even if they are not capable of
division. T/F - ✔✔False
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔The Hayflick Limit states that normal human fibroblasts in a controlled environment
can undergo over 60 cell divisions when provided appropriate growth factors. T/F -
✔✔False (40-60 cell divisons)
✔✔Which of the following features describes the neovasculature of tumors? -
✔✔chaotic architecture and leakiness
✔✔The Warburg Hypothesis states that cancer cells prefer ______ metabolism. -
✔✔anaerobic
✔✔The loss of the attachment requirement to the basement membrane is a
characteristic of MET. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Cancer cells are able to enable replicative immortality by expressing more
telomerase. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔The immune system has a dual role in oncogenesis, it can destroy abnormal cells,
but it can also enable tumor formation by chronic inflammation T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔p53 mutation in cancer cells can result in the loss of both cell cycle checkpoint
control and initiation of apoptosis. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔The Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway is unique to cancer cells.
T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔All of the following are intrinsic factors that stimulate apoptosis - ✔✔lack of oxygen,
DNA damage, internal cell damage
✔✔Which cancer type arises from epithelial cells? - ✔✔Carcinoma
✔✔A major difference between mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)
is mutations are more frequent than SNPs. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔What are examples of extrinsic mutating agents? - ✔✔ionizing radiation, toxic
chemicals, viruses (NOT reactive oxygen species)
✔✔What refers to the acquisition of additional driver mutations as the neoplasms
develop? - ✔✔Progression
, ✔✔Which of the following is the deviation from normal appearance during the pre-
malignant phase of cancer development? - ✔✔Dysplasia
✔✔Cancer cells are able to create new biological mechanisms that give them a survival
advantage over normal cells. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Cell cycle inhibitors are protein products of proto-oncogenes that allows for
sustained proliferative signaling. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔Mechanisms by which expression of a mutated tumor suppressor gene allele is
achieved include all of the following: - ✔✔Mutation of second allele, hypermethylation of
second allele, deletion of second allele (NOT hypomethylation of second allele)
✔✔Most cancers use the alternative pathway of lengthening of of telomerase (ALT) to
lengthen telomerase. T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔The activation of the "angiogenic switch" occurs when activation signals ____ and
inhibitory signals ____. - ✔✔Increase; Decrease
✔✔Carcinoma cells generally exhibit a preference for lymphatic invasion over blood
vessel invasion. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔What are the phases of immunoediting process? - ✔✔Equilibrium, Elimination,
Escape
✔✔Age is the most universal risk factor for acquiring cancer. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔For every new cancer case per 10,000 people men have a higher incidence of
cancer than women. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔Darwinian species evolution and cancer evolution both require: - ✔✔mutation of
cells to increase fitness
✔✔Cancer in germ cells have the ability to become any specific cell type and they are
not considered common. T/F - ✔✔True
✔✔Genes that drive cell division or gain-of-function mutations can either be "on" or "off"
T/F - ✔✔False
✔✔A mutation has the ability to cause cancer in all cells even if they are not capable of
division. T/F - ✔✔False
