NUR 573 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS TEST
BASED ON FINAL EXAMS!!
1.When reviewing the ABG, the NP knows that an elevated PCO2 would
most likely cause: Respiratory acidosis
2.An evidence based technique to address the patient's ambivalence
to chance is: Motivational interviewing
3.A 25-year-old female is brought to the emergency department for a one-
hour history of decreased mental status. She was found by her roommate
barely arousable on the couch with an empty unlabeled pill bottle on the
floor next to her. The woman mumbles inaudible responses to questions.
Physical ex- amination reveals pinpoint pupils; decreased muscle tone; and
slow, shallow respirations. Which of the following medication classes is the
most likely cause of this patient's findings?: Opioids
4.A 58yr old male experiencing homelessness presents to the ED with a
decreased LOC. Urine microscopy reveals numerous calcium oxalate
crystals. What is the most likely explanation?: Ethylene glycol ingestion
5.A 23-year-old male is brought to the hospital on a hot summer evening
with an altered mental status. He has no chronic medical conditions and
takes no prescribed medications. He is known to drink alcohol regularly and
use street drugs. He reportedly attended a party hours before being found
confused and combative in his apartment, which is without air conditioning.
Laboratory examination reveals a serum sodium of 160 and a creatinine of
2.1 mg/dL. What is the most likely cause of his hypernatremia?: Alcohol
intoxication with vomiting
6.Calculate the osmolar gap based on the numbers
below: Na 158
Glu 108
BUN 14
Serum osm 380: Calculated osmolality = Na x 2 + Glu/18 + BUN/2.8
Osmolar gap = measured Serum Osmolality - calculated Osmolality
Answer: 53
7.Calculate TBW. Pts weight is 80kg which is IBW: 0.6 x 80kg = 48L
8.Dehydration and hypovolemia are common problems in pts w/alcohol use
disorder. Which finding is NOT consistent w/hypovolemia?: Low urine
specific gravity
9.Benzos/ETOH: Signs and symptoms of intoxication: Lethargy,
confusion, slurred speech, blurred vision, dizziness, lack of coordination.
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, Signs and symptoms of withdrawal: Anxiety, agitation, and seizures.
Tongue lacera- tion may result from biting down during a seizure.
10.Stimulant (cocaine, amphetamines): Signs and symptoms of
intoxication: General: hyperalert state, increased talking,
restlessness, elevated temperature, tachycardia, anorexia, nausea,
dry mouth, dilated pupils, sweating
Neurological: seizures, dizziness, paresthesias, hyperactive reflexes,
tremor Psychiatric: labile affect, insomnia, delirium, aggression, elation,
euphoria, halluci- nations, agitation, irritability, anxiety, skin picking
Cardiac: arrhythmias, hypertension
Signs and symptoms of overdose: Same as for intoxication and may
include: respi- ratory failure, coma, headache, toxic psychosis, anginal
chest pain, and shock.
11.Opioids (heroin, codeine, morphine): Signs and symptoms of
intoxication: Slow comprehension, euphoria, flushing, hypotonia,
pinpoint pupils, skin picking, sleepiness, and constipation.
Signs and symptoms of narcotic overdose:
General: pinpoint pupils, slow and shallow respirations, decreased
temperature, pulmonary edema
Neurological: pinprick analgesia, ataxia, stupor, slow comprehension,
hypotonia, diminished reflexes, coma, seizure
Psychiatric: delirium
Cardiac: circulatory collapse and hypotension
12.CNS depressants (barbiturates): Signs and symptoms of intoxication:
General (muscle aches, anorexia, fatigue, floating feeling, sleepiness,
yawning), neurological (ataxia, slow comprehension, diplopia, dizziness,
dysmetria, hypotonia, poor mem- ory, lateral nystagmus, slurred
speech), psychiatric (anxiety, delirium, depressed mood, euphoria,
irritability, "toxic" psychosis, violent behavior) and orthostatic hy-
potension.
Signs and symptoms of overdose: Same as for intoxication and may also
include shallow respirations and bradycardia.
13.Select the statement about blood pressure measurement that is TRUE:
The ideal cuff should have a length that is 80% and a width that is at
least 40% of the arm circumference.
14.Select the statement about shock that is TRUE: Cardiogenic shock is
often characterized by acute pulmonary edema and elevated jugular
2/
11
BASED ON FINAL EXAMS!!
1.When reviewing the ABG, the NP knows that an elevated PCO2 would
most likely cause: Respiratory acidosis
2.An evidence based technique to address the patient's ambivalence
to chance is: Motivational interviewing
3.A 25-year-old female is brought to the emergency department for a one-
hour history of decreased mental status. She was found by her roommate
barely arousable on the couch with an empty unlabeled pill bottle on the
floor next to her. The woman mumbles inaudible responses to questions.
Physical ex- amination reveals pinpoint pupils; decreased muscle tone; and
slow, shallow respirations. Which of the following medication classes is the
most likely cause of this patient's findings?: Opioids
4.A 58yr old male experiencing homelessness presents to the ED with a
decreased LOC. Urine microscopy reveals numerous calcium oxalate
crystals. What is the most likely explanation?: Ethylene glycol ingestion
5.A 23-year-old male is brought to the hospital on a hot summer evening
with an altered mental status. He has no chronic medical conditions and
takes no prescribed medications. He is known to drink alcohol regularly and
use street drugs. He reportedly attended a party hours before being found
confused and combative in his apartment, which is without air conditioning.
Laboratory examination reveals a serum sodium of 160 and a creatinine of
2.1 mg/dL. What is the most likely cause of his hypernatremia?: Alcohol
intoxication with vomiting
6.Calculate the osmolar gap based on the numbers
below: Na 158
Glu 108
BUN 14
Serum osm 380: Calculated osmolality = Na x 2 + Glu/18 + BUN/2.8
Osmolar gap = measured Serum Osmolality - calculated Osmolality
Answer: 53
7.Calculate TBW. Pts weight is 80kg which is IBW: 0.6 x 80kg = 48L
8.Dehydration and hypovolemia are common problems in pts w/alcohol use
disorder. Which finding is NOT consistent w/hypovolemia?: Low urine
specific gravity
9.Benzos/ETOH: Signs and symptoms of intoxication: Lethargy,
confusion, slurred speech, blurred vision, dizziness, lack of coordination.
1/
11
, Signs and symptoms of withdrawal: Anxiety, agitation, and seizures.
Tongue lacera- tion may result from biting down during a seizure.
10.Stimulant (cocaine, amphetamines): Signs and symptoms of
intoxication: General: hyperalert state, increased talking,
restlessness, elevated temperature, tachycardia, anorexia, nausea,
dry mouth, dilated pupils, sweating
Neurological: seizures, dizziness, paresthesias, hyperactive reflexes,
tremor Psychiatric: labile affect, insomnia, delirium, aggression, elation,
euphoria, halluci- nations, agitation, irritability, anxiety, skin picking
Cardiac: arrhythmias, hypertension
Signs and symptoms of overdose: Same as for intoxication and may
include: respi- ratory failure, coma, headache, toxic psychosis, anginal
chest pain, and shock.
11.Opioids (heroin, codeine, morphine): Signs and symptoms of
intoxication: Slow comprehension, euphoria, flushing, hypotonia,
pinpoint pupils, skin picking, sleepiness, and constipation.
Signs and symptoms of narcotic overdose:
General: pinpoint pupils, slow and shallow respirations, decreased
temperature, pulmonary edema
Neurological: pinprick analgesia, ataxia, stupor, slow comprehension,
hypotonia, diminished reflexes, coma, seizure
Psychiatric: delirium
Cardiac: circulatory collapse and hypotension
12.CNS depressants (barbiturates): Signs and symptoms of intoxication:
General (muscle aches, anorexia, fatigue, floating feeling, sleepiness,
yawning), neurological (ataxia, slow comprehension, diplopia, dizziness,
dysmetria, hypotonia, poor mem- ory, lateral nystagmus, slurred
speech), psychiatric (anxiety, delirium, depressed mood, euphoria,
irritability, "toxic" psychosis, violent behavior) and orthostatic hy-
potension.
Signs and symptoms of overdose: Same as for intoxication and may also
include shallow respirations and bradycardia.
13.Select the statement about blood pressure measurement that is TRUE:
The ideal cuff should have a length that is 80% and a width that is at
least 40% of the arm circumference.
14.Select the statement about shock that is TRUE: Cardiogenic shock is
often characterized by acute pulmonary edema and elevated jugular
2/
11
