CCRI MICRO CORE EXAMS SET 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Lysozyme - ✔✔hydrolyzes the sugar bonds in gram positive bacteria (+) causing
lysis of the wall
✔✔Hopanoids - ✔✔Structurally similar to sterols
Present in membranes of many Bacteria
✔✔Bacterial nucleoid region - ✔✔60% DNA, 30% RNA, 10% protein
✔✔Sex pilus - ✔✔A thin connection between two bacteria through which genetic
material passes during conjugation.
✔✔Binary fission - ✔✔A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by
which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
✔✔Mytosis - ✔✔division of the nucleus
✔✔The prokaryotic ribosome - ✔✔70s
✔✔The eukaryotic ribosome - ✔✔80s
✔✔Ribosomes function to - ✔✔make (synthesize) proteins
✔✔Endospores are resistant to - ✔✔desiccation, heat, chemicals, and radiation
✔✔Chromatin - ✔✔Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA
tightly coiled around histones
✔✔Histones - ✔✔Globular protein that assist in DNA packaging in eukaryotes. Histones
form octamers around which DNA is wound to form a nucleosome.
✔✔S.J. Singer and G. Nicolson - ✔✔proposed fluid mosaic model
✔✔Fluid mosaic model - ✔✔model that describes the arrangement and movement of
the molecules that make up a cell membrane
✔✔Integral proteins - ✔✔penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer
✔✔peripheral proteins - ✔✔The proteins of a membrane that are not embedded in the
lipid bilayer; they are appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane.
✔✔Cytosol - ✔✔Fluid portion of cytoplasm. Made up of 80% water. Clear and colorless.
, ✔✔Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ✔✔An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic
cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded
(rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.
✔✔Autophagy - ✔✔lysosomes break down damaged and aging organelles
✔✔Cytoskeleton components - ✔✔microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
✔✔Microfilaments - ✔✔Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of
the cell
✔✔Autotrophs - ✔✔Organisms that are able to make their own food
✔✔Heterotrophs - ✔✔An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other
organisms or their by-products.
✔✔Setting for autoclave - ✔✔15 psi at 121 degrees C for 15 min
✔✔Factors influencing antimicrobial treatments - ✔✔microbial population size
environmental factors
exposure time to antimicrobial agents
microbial characteristics
✔✔HTST - ✔✔high temperature short time pasteurization
flash method: 71.6 degrees for 15 seconds
✔✔UHT - ✔✔ultra high temperature pasteurization
135-150 degrees celsius for three seconds in a vacuums. used to sterile beverages
✔✔Lyophilization (freeze-drying) - ✔✔Cryodesiccation.
✔✔Dessication - ✔✔when water is removed to slow the growth of microorganisms
✔✔Xeroderma pigmentosum - ✔✔Mutated single strand nucleotide excision repair
gene, which prevents repair of thymidine dimers.; Dry skin w/ melanoma and other
cancers ("children of the night").
✔✔Ketoconazole - ✔✔antifungal antibiotic. topical ointment. interferes with fungal
synthesis of ergosterol, constituent of fungal cell membrane
✔✔Erythromycin - ✔✔Binds to the 50S subunit and inhibits translocation (prokaryotes).
Not broad spectrum
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Lysozyme - ✔✔hydrolyzes the sugar bonds in gram positive bacteria (+) causing
lysis of the wall
✔✔Hopanoids - ✔✔Structurally similar to sterols
Present in membranes of many Bacteria
✔✔Bacterial nucleoid region - ✔✔60% DNA, 30% RNA, 10% protein
✔✔Sex pilus - ✔✔A thin connection between two bacteria through which genetic
material passes during conjugation.
✔✔Binary fission - ✔✔A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by
which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
✔✔Mytosis - ✔✔division of the nucleus
✔✔The prokaryotic ribosome - ✔✔70s
✔✔The eukaryotic ribosome - ✔✔80s
✔✔Ribosomes function to - ✔✔make (synthesize) proteins
✔✔Endospores are resistant to - ✔✔desiccation, heat, chemicals, and radiation
✔✔Chromatin - ✔✔Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA
tightly coiled around histones
✔✔Histones - ✔✔Globular protein that assist in DNA packaging in eukaryotes. Histones
form octamers around which DNA is wound to form a nucleosome.
✔✔S.J. Singer and G. Nicolson - ✔✔proposed fluid mosaic model
✔✔Fluid mosaic model - ✔✔model that describes the arrangement and movement of
the molecules that make up a cell membrane
✔✔Integral proteins - ✔✔penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer
✔✔peripheral proteins - ✔✔The proteins of a membrane that are not embedded in the
lipid bilayer; they are appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane.
✔✔Cytosol - ✔✔Fluid portion of cytoplasm. Made up of 80% water. Clear and colorless.
, ✔✔Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ✔✔An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic
cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded
(rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.
✔✔Autophagy - ✔✔lysosomes break down damaged and aging organelles
✔✔Cytoskeleton components - ✔✔microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
✔✔Microfilaments - ✔✔Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of
the cell
✔✔Autotrophs - ✔✔Organisms that are able to make their own food
✔✔Heterotrophs - ✔✔An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other
organisms or their by-products.
✔✔Setting for autoclave - ✔✔15 psi at 121 degrees C for 15 min
✔✔Factors influencing antimicrobial treatments - ✔✔microbial population size
environmental factors
exposure time to antimicrobial agents
microbial characteristics
✔✔HTST - ✔✔high temperature short time pasteurization
flash method: 71.6 degrees for 15 seconds
✔✔UHT - ✔✔ultra high temperature pasteurization
135-150 degrees celsius for three seconds in a vacuums. used to sterile beverages
✔✔Lyophilization (freeze-drying) - ✔✔Cryodesiccation.
✔✔Dessication - ✔✔when water is removed to slow the growth of microorganisms
✔✔Xeroderma pigmentosum - ✔✔Mutated single strand nucleotide excision repair
gene, which prevents repair of thymidine dimers.; Dry skin w/ melanoma and other
cancers ("children of the night").
✔✔Ketoconazole - ✔✔antifungal antibiotic. topical ointment. interferes with fungal
synthesis of ergosterol, constituent of fungal cell membrane
✔✔Erythromycin - ✔✔Binds to the 50S subunit and inhibits translocation (prokaryotes).
Not broad spectrum
