CCRI MICRO EXAMINATION TEST 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Seven types of microorganisms - ✔✔Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa,
Helminths, Viruses
✔✔Bacteria (4 qualities) - ✔✔1.) Prokaryotic 2.) Unicellular, sometimes colonial or
filamentous 3.) Cell wall composed of peptidoglycan 4.) Three basic shapes: bacillus,
coccus, spiral
note: they divide by binary fission
✔✔Protozoa (4 qualities) - ✔✔1.) Eukaryotic 2.) Unicellular 3.) Animal-like 4.) Do not
contain a cell wall
class of themselves parasitic (malaria)
note: obtain nourishment by absorption or ingestion through specialized structures
✔✔Helminths (4 qualities) - ✔✔1.) Composed of Eukaryotic cells 2.) Multicellular 3.)
Parasitic worms (parasitic to animals) 4.) flatworms & roundworms are principal group
NOTE: are a division of eukaryotic parasites that, unlike external parasites such as lice
and fleas, live inside their host.
✔✔Viruses (3 qualities) - ✔✔1.) Acellular 2.)Obligate intracellular parasites 3.) smaller
than bacteria
Note: consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. An
envelope may surround the coat.
✔✔Robert H. Whitaker - ✔✔Invented the 5 Kingdom System of Classification: 1.)
Prokaryote 2.) Protista 3.) Fungi 4.) Plantae 5.) Animalia
✔✔Five Kingdom System (list categories) - ✔✔1.) Prokaryote 2.) Protista 3.) Fungi 4.)
Plantae 5.) Animalia
✔✔Robert Hooke - ✔✔First to observe microorganisms with a microscope - coined the
term "cell" after looking at cork cells. (1665)
✔✔Anton van Leeuwenhoek - ✔✔First to identify bacteria. (1670s)
✔✔Golden Age of Microbiology (span & accomplishments - 8 answers) - ✔✔1.) 1857-
1914 (57 years) 2.) Germ Theory of Disease Established 3.) Use of disinfectants
introduced 4.) Improved surgical techniques 5.) Role of immunity established 6.)
(additional) Vaccines developed to immunize against disease 7.) Microbiology culture
techniques developed 8.) Microscopy techniques developed
, ✔✔Paul Ehrlich - ✔✔Developed theory of immunity and the first chemotherapy drug
called Salvarsan (arsenic 606) - the magic bullet against Treptonema pallidum, the
bacteria that causes syphilis
(1910)
✔✔Gerard Paul Domagk - ✔✔Discovered Protonsil, a sulfonamide drug effective
against streptococci disease (1930s)
✔✔Rene Dubos - ✔✔Isolated gramicidin and tyrocidine from Bacillus brevis. Antibiotics
(1939)
✔✔Koch's Postulates - ✔✔General guidelines to identify pathogens that could be
isolated with the techniques of the day (19th Century)
1.) Isolate 2.) Incubate 3.) Infect healthy animal 4.) Identify
Longer definition: 1. The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms
suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy animals.
2. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure
culture.
3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy
organism.
4. The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental
host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.
✔✔Penicillium notatum synthesizes - ✔✔penicillin
✔✔Spontaneous generation means - ✔✔life arises from the nonliving world
✔✔One meter is equal to how many micrometers? - ✔✔1,000,000
✔✔The germ theory of disease had its early beginnings from which two microbiologists?
- ✔✔Pasteur and Koch
✔✔Of the three domains, to which does the protozoa belong? - ✔✔Eukarya
✔✔His vaccine greatly reduced deaths due to rabies - ✔✔Louis Pasteur
✔✔A nanometer is ____________of a meter - ✔✔1/1,000,000,000
✔✔fimbriae - ✔✔These structures serve as a way for bacteria to adhere to other cells or
structures
✔✔Which phenomenon would never be observed in a bacterial cell?
AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Seven types of microorganisms - ✔✔Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa,
Helminths, Viruses
✔✔Bacteria (4 qualities) - ✔✔1.) Prokaryotic 2.) Unicellular, sometimes colonial or
filamentous 3.) Cell wall composed of peptidoglycan 4.) Three basic shapes: bacillus,
coccus, spiral
note: they divide by binary fission
✔✔Protozoa (4 qualities) - ✔✔1.) Eukaryotic 2.) Unicellular 3.) Animal-like 4.) Do not
contain a cell wall
class of themselves parasitic (malaria)
note: obtain nourishment by absorption or ingestion through specialized structures
✔✔Helminths (4 qualities) - ✔✔1.) Composed of Eukaryotic cells 2.) Multicellular 3.)
Parasitic worms (parasitic to animals) 4.) flatworms & roundworms are principal group
NOTE: are a division of eukaryotic parasites that, unlike external parasites such as lice
and fleas, live inside their host.
✔✔Viruses (3 qualities) - ✔✔1.) Acellular 2.)Obligate intracellular parasites 3.) smaller
than bacteria
Note: consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. An
envelope may surround the coat.
✔✔Robert H. Whitaker - ✔✔Invented the 5 Kingdom System of Classification: 1.)
Prokaryote 2.) Protista 3.) Fungi 4.) Plantae 5.) Animalia
✔✔Five Kingdom System (list categories) - ✔✔1.) Prokaryote 2.) Protista 3.) Fungi 4.)
Plantae 5.) Animalia
✔✔Robert Hooke - ✔✔First to observe microorganisms with a microscope - coined the
term "cell" after looking at cork cells. (1665)
✔✔Anton van Leeuwenhoek - ✔✔First to identify bacteria. (1670s)
✔✔Golden Age of Microbiology (span & accomplishments - 8 answers) - ✔✔1.) 1857-
1914 (57 years) 2.) Germ Theory of Disease Established 3.) Use of disinfectants
introduced 4.) Improved surgical techniques 5.) Role of immunity established 6.)
(additional) Vaccines developed to immunize against disease 7.) Microbiology culture
techniques developed 8.) Microscopy techniques developed
, ✔✔Paul Ehrlich - ✔✔Developed theory of immunity and the first chemotherapy drug
called Salvarsan (arsenic 606) - the magic bullet against Treptonema pallidum, the
bacteria that causes syphilis
(1910)
✔✔Gerard Paul Domagk - ✔✔Discovered Protonsil, a sulfonamide drug effective
against streptococci disease (1930s)
✔✔Rene Dubos - ✔✔Isolated gramicidin and tyrocidine from Bacillus brevis. Antibiotics
(1939)
✔✔Koch's Postulates - ✔✔General guidelines to identify pathogens that could be
isolated with the techniques of the day (19th Century)
1.) Isolate 2.) Incubate 3.) Infect healthy animal 4.) Identify
Longer definition: 1. The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms
suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy animals.
2. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure
culture.
3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy
organism.
4. The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental
host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.
✔✔Penicillium notatum synthesizes - ✔✔penicillin
✔✔Spontaneous generation means - ✔✔life arises from the nonliving world
✔✔One meter is equal to how many micrometers? - ✔✔1,000,000
✔✔The germ theory of disease had its early beginnings from which two microbiologists?
- ✔✔Pasteur and Koch
✔✔Of the three domains, to which does the protozoa belong? - ✔✔Eukarya
✔✔His vaccine greatly reduced deaths due to rabies - ✔✔Louis Pasteur
✔✔A nanometer is ____________of a meter - ✔✔1/1,000,000,000
✔✔fimbriae - ✔✔These structures serve as a way for bacteria to adhere to other cells or
structures
✔✔Which phenomenon would never be observed in a bacterial cell?
