Hydrological Processes

Hydrological processes in well covered in this lecture document. The document starts with the definition of the hydrologic cycle, components of the hydrologic cycle. The definition of infiltration and the factors affecting the rate of infiltration. Measurement of infiltration and how it is estimated using Horton and the GreenAmpt equations. Soil moisture content and the factors affecting soil moisture content. Measurement of soil moisture content. Estimation of soil moisture content. This lecture material also cover, evaporation and transpiration processes. Factors affecting evaporation and evapotranspiration are also covered. Analytical methods of estimating free water evaporation and potential evapotranspiration: 1. Water-budget method, 2. Energy-balance method, and 3. Mass-transfer method. 4. Penman Method (combination of mass-transfer and energy-budget methods)are covered 5. Penman-Monteith equation 6. FAO-PENMAN MONTEITH equation