NR 546 / NR546 Final Exam Guide 2025/2026: Chamberlain’s Verified Q&A for Psychopharmacology|Verified A+

NR 546 FINAL EXAM (NR546 ACTUAL) WITH CORRECT
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




A+ GRADED ANSWERS HN HN HN




NR 546 / NR546 Final Exam Guide 2024/2025:
Chamberlain’s Verified Q&A for Psychopharmacology
(New!!!)




If an AD medication is discontinued: - ANSWER the medication may not be as
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




effective if restarted
HN HN HN




Current gold standard of treatment for cognitive symptoms includes: -
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




ANSWER pharmacologic management with a cholinesterase inhibitor
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




(ChEIs) and an N- methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




Four Major causes of Dementia - ANSWER_-Alzheimer Disease (AD)
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




-vascular dementia HN




-Lewy body dementias (LBD)
HN HN HN




-frontotemporal dementia (FTD) HN HN




three pathological hallmarks of AD seen in the brain at autopsy are: -
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




ANSWER_(1) amyloid-beta (Aβ), aggregated into plaques
HN HN HN HN HN




(2) neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
HN HN HN HN HN HN

, NR 546 FINAL EXAM (NR546 ACTUAL) WITH CORRECT
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




A+ GRADED ANSWERS HN HN HN




(3) substantial neuronal cell loss HN HN HN




Differential diagnosis, clinical presentation: Vascular dementia - ANSWER_-
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




Impaired abstraction, mental flexibility, processing speed, and working memory
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




-Verbal memory is better preserved
HN HN HN HN




-Slower cognitive decline
HN HN




-Dementia occurs within several months of a stroke
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




Differential diagnosis, clinical presentation: Lewy body dementias (LBD)
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




- ANSWER_-Visual hallucinations
HN HN HN




-Spontaneous parkinsonism HN




-Cognitive fluctuations HN

, NR 546 FINAL EXAM (NR546 ACTUAL) WITH CORRECT
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




A+ GRADED ANSWERS HN HN HN




-Visuospatial, attention, and executive function deficits are worse
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




-Memory impairment is not as severe HN HN HN HN HN




-Earlier presentation of psychosis and personality changes
HN HN HN HN HN HN




-Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disturbances
HN HN HN HN HN




Differential diagnosis, clinical presentation: Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD)
HN HN HN HN HN HN




- ANSWER_-Progressive behavioral and personality changes that impair
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




social conduct (apathy, disinhibition, etc.)
HN HN HN HN HN




-Language impairment HN




-Possibly preserved episodic memory HN HN HN




Lewy Body Dementias (LBD) - ANSWER_Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




and the related Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD)
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




-10-15% of all cases of dementia
HN HN HN HN HN




-abnormal accumulation of a protein called α-synuclein
HN HN HN HN HN HN




• aggregate to form oligomers, eventually turning into "Lewy bodies" &
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




Lewy neurites, as neurons degenerate
HN HN HN HN HN




The Amyloid cascade Hypothesis - ANSWER_Alzheimer disease (AD) is
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




caused by the accumulation of toxic Aβ, which form into plaques,
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




hyperphosphorylation of tau, neurofibrillary tangle formation, synaptic
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




dysfunction, and ultimately neuron loss with memory loss and dementia
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




risk of developing AD - ANSWER_-inheritance of two copies of APOE4 leads to a
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




tenfold increased AD risk
HN HN HN HN




-APOE2 gene appears to offer some protection from AD
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




-APOE3 gene (the most common form of the APOE gene) conveys a risk that falls
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




between APOE2 and APOE4
HN HN HN HN

, NR 546 FINAL EXAM (NR546 ACTUAL) WITH CORRECT
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




A+ GRADED ANSWERS HN HN HN




Non-pharmacological options for behavioral symptoms in dementia - HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




ANSWER_• Address unmet needs (hunger, pain, thirst, boredom)
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




• Identify/modify environmental stressors HN HN




• Identify/modify daily routine stressors HN HN HN




• Caregiver support/training HN




• Behavior modification HN




• Group/individual therapy HN




• Problem solving HN




• Distraction
• Provide outlets for pent-up energy (exercise, activities)
HN HN HN HN HN HN




• Avoid behavior triggers
HN HN




• Increase social engagement
HN HN




• Relaxation techniques HN




• Reminiscence therapy HN




• Music therapy HN




• Aromatherapy
• Pet therapy
HN




Tx dementia-related psychosis – ANSWER Pimavanserin
HN HN HN HN HN




-hypothetically reduces overactivity in the psychosis network caused by plaques,
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




tangles, Lewy bodies, or strokes, presumably by lowering the normal 5HT2A
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




stimulation to surviving glutamate neurons that have lost their GABA inhibition by
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




neurodegeneration
HN




-approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease psychosis & there are
HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN HN




positive trials in dementia-related psychosis
HN HN HN HN HN