IB SEHS Ultimate Exam with Complete
Solutions
define the term "systolic blood pressure." - ANS-the blood pressure when the heart is
contracting
state the change in systolic blood pressure with low calcium intake - ANS-6 mm Hg
(units required)
compare changes in systolic blood pressure at rest and post exercise for each level of
calcium in the diet - ANS-at rest, higher level of calcium lowers systolic blood pressure;
at 40% VO2 Max low calcium cases blood pressure lower than at rest
at 40% VO2 Max high calcium causes blood pressure higher than at rest
at 60% VO2 Max both low and high calcium cause decrease in blood pressure
suggest why, at the beginning of the race, the heart rate is high compared with the
normal resting heart rate - ANS-the athlete increased heart rate during the warm up,
nerves / anxiety; hormones / adrenaline released prior to anticipation of exercise
describe the relationship between heart rate and altitude between 1 hour and 1 hour 30
minutes after the start of the race - ANS-initially as altitude increases heart rate remains
(relativity) constant; when the altitude decreases, heart rate decreases; near the end of
this time period there is a rapid increase in heart rate as altitude increases
during sustained exercise, cyclists often experience cardiovascular drift. explain why
this occurs - ANS-cardiovascular drift is an increase in heart rate to compensate for a
decrease in stroke volume; occurs because of dehydration / decreased plasma volume /
increased blood viscosity
label the diagram to show two places where cartilage is found - ANS-both ends of
bones labeled, with one indicating the ball area of the bone
state the type of synovial joint that connects this bone to the tibia - ANS-hinge
distinguish between concentric and isometric muscle contractions - ANS-concentric: the
muscle shortens / dynamic muscle movement
isometric: stays the same length/static muscle movement
explain the role of acetylcholine in muscle contraction - ANS-is a chemical transmitter
between nerve ending and muscle diffuses across a synapse, indicates an action
potential / contraction of the muscle fiber
, explain how one structural property relates to the structure of slow twitch muscle fibers -
ANS-high levels of myoglobin/mitochondrial/blood capillaries resistant to fatigue /
aerobic respiration
define the term centre of mass - ANS-point at which all the mass is/appears to be
concentrated, point of which all particles of the body are evenly distributed
state one example of a sporting activity where the centre of mass leaves the body -
ANS-hike jump / pike diving / somersault / wind surfing
outline how the Bernoulli principle effects the projectile movement of a golf ball - ANS-a
ball spins, causing lower pressure on top of the ball / pressure differences around the
ball, causes it to lift/travel further, effect increased by having dimples on the ball
explain why a figure skater pulling his arms and legs closer to the body makes him
rotate faster - ANS-angular velocity x movement of inertia = angular momentum, pulling
in the arms and legs decreases the moment of inertia, angular momentum is conserved
so angular velocity increases
chances of success when a novice athlete performs a task requiring accuracy at
increasing levels of difficulty, draw a line on the graph to predict the results of a skilled
performer on the same task - ANS-plot showing skilled or expert line on graph,
remaining high as difficulty increases and dropping when difficulty levels become high
suggest one task the novice may have been asked to preform - ANS-any task showing
increasing difficulty resulting in decreased success, ex. shooting a basketball from an
increasing distance
explain with a reference to an example, how new skills are taught by part presentation -
ANS-the skills are broken down into party's and learned one at a time, the skills are
broken down into parts to simplify the task for the learner, ex. high jump skill broken into
the approach, take off and landing other suitable
draw a labelled diagram to show the ultra structure of a typical animal cell - ANS-
nucleus- smaller area than the cytoplasm, surrounded by a double membrane with
pores
mitochondrion- surrounded by a double membrane, the inner membrane has infoldings
rough endoplasmic reticulum- stacked tubules with dots/small circles on outer surfaces
golgi apparatus- curved stacked tubules, small vesicles near ends of tubules/ sacs
ribosomes both attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes in
cytoplasm draw and labeled
describe how glucose molecules can combine to form disaccharides and
polysaccharides - ANS-two monosaccharides combine to form a disaccharide
disaccharide of glucose is maltose
Solutions
define the term "systolic blood pressure." - ANS-the blood pressure when the heart is
contracting
state the change in systolic blood pressure with low calcium intake - ANS-6 mm Hg
(units required)
compare changes in systolic blood pressure at rest and post exercise for each level of
calcium in the diet - ANS-at rest, higher level of calcium lowers systolic blood pressure;
at 40% VO2 Max low calcium cases blood pressure lower than at rest
at 40% VO2 Max high calcium causes blood pressure higher than at rest
at 60% VO2 Max both low and high calcium cause decrease in blood pressure
suggest why, at the beginning of the race, the heart rate is high compared with the
normal resting heart rate - ANS-the athlete increased heart rate during the warm up,
nerves / anxiety; hormones / adrenaline released prior to anticipation of exercise
describe the relationship between heart rate and altitude between 1 hour and 1 hour 30
minutes after the start of the race - ANS-initially as altitude increases heart rate remains
(relativity) constant; when the altitude decreases, heart rate decreases; near the end of
this time period there is a rapid increase in heart rate as altitude increases
during sustained exercise, cyclists often experience cardiovascular drift. explain why
this occurs - ANS-cardiovascular drift is an increase in heart rate to compensate for a
decrease in stroke volume; occurs because of dehydration / decreased plasma volume /
increased blood viscosity
label the diagram to show two places where cartilage is found - ANS-both ends of
bones labeled, with one indicating the ball area of the bone
state the type of synovial joint that connects this bone to the tibia - ANS-hinge
distinguish between concentric and isometric muscle contractions - ANS-concentric: the
muscle shortens / dynamic muscle movement
isometric: stays the same length/static muscle movement
explain the role of acetylcholine in muscle contraction - ANS-is a chemical transmitter
between nerve ending and muscle diffuses across a synapse, indicates an action
potential / contraction of the muscle fiber
, explain how one structural property relates to the structure of slow twitch muscle fibers -
ANS-high levels of myoglobin/mitochondrial/blood capillaries resistant to fatigue /
aerobic respiration
define the term centre of mass - ANS-point at which all the mass is/appears to be
concentrated, point of which all particles of the body are evenly distributed
state one example of a sporting activity where the centre of mass leaves the body -
ANS-hike jump / pike diving / somersault / wind surfing
outline how the Bernoulli principle effects the projectile movement of a golf ball - ANS-a
ball spins, causing lower pressure on top of the ball / pressure differences around the
ball, causes it to lift/travel further, effect increased by having dimples on the ball
explain why a figure skater pulling his arms and legs closer to the body makes him
rotate faster - ANS-angular velocity x movement of inertia = angular momentum, pulling
in the arms and legs decreases the moment of inertia, angular momentum is conserved
so angular velocity increases
chances of success when a novice athlete performs a task requiring accuracy at
increasing levels of difficulty, draw a line on the graph to predict the results of a skilled
performer on the same task - ANS-plot showing skilled or expert line on graph,
remaining high as difficulty increases and dropping when difficulty levels become high
suggest one task the novice may have been asked to preform - ANS-any task showing
increasing difficulty resulting in decreased success, ex. shooting a basketball from an
increasing distance
explain with a reference to an example, how new skills are taught by part presentation -
ANS-the skills are broken down into party's and learned one at a time, the skills are
broken down into parts to simplify the task for the learner, ex. high jump skill broken into
the approach, take off and landing other suitable
draw a labelled diagram to show the ultra structure of a typical animal cell - ANS-
nucleus- smaller area than the cytoplasm, surrounded by a double membrane with
pores
mitochondrion- surrounded by a double membrane, the inner membrane has infoldings
rough endoplasmic reticulum- stacked tubules with dots/small circles on outer surfaces
golgi apparatus- curved stacked tubules, small vesicles near ends of tubules/ sacs
ribosomes both attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes in
cytoplasm draw and labeled
describe how glucose molecules can combine to form disaccharides and
polysaccharides - ANS-two monosaccharides combine to form a disaccharide
disaccharide of glucose is maltose
