Class 10 Science - Chapter: Life Processes
1. What are Life Processes?
- Basic functions necessary for survival and maintenance of living organisms.
- Includes: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion.
2. Nutrition
- Autotrophic nutrition: Organisms make their own food (e.g., plants via photosynthesis).
Photosynthesis equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O --(sunlight, chlorophyll)--> C6H12O6 + 6O2
- Heterotrophic nutrition: Organisms obtain food from others (e.g., animals, fungi).
- Human digestive system: Mouth -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small intestine -> Large intestine ->
Anus.
Accessory organs: Liver (produces bile), Pancreas (enzymes), Gall bladder (stores bile).
3. Respiration
- Aerobic respiration: Uses oxygen, produces CO2, water, and energy.
- Anaerobic respiration: Without oxygen; in muscle cells (lactic acid), in yeast (alcohol + CO2).
- Human respiratory system: Nose -> Pharynx -> Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Lungs (alveoli:
gas exchange).
4. Transportation
- Plants: Xylem (water & minerals from roots), Phloem (food from leaves).
- Humans: Blood circulatory system with heart (four chambers), arteries, veins, capillaries.
Blood: RBCs (oxygen transport), WBCs (immunity), platelets (clotting), plasma (transport nutrients
& wastes).
1. What are Life Processes?
- Basic functions necessary for survival and maintenance of living organisms.
- Includes: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion.
2. Nutrition
- Autotrophic nutrition: Organisms make their own food (e.g., plants via photosynthesis).
Photosynthesis equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O --(sunlight, chlorophyll)--> C6H12O6 + 6O2
- Heterotrophic nutrition: Organisms obtain food from others (e.g., animals, fungi).
- Human digestive system: Mouth -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small intestine -> Large intestine ->
Anus.
Accessory organs: Liver (produces bile), Pancreas (enzymes), Gall bladder (stores bile).
3. Respiration
- Aerobic respiration: Uses oxygen, produces CO2, water, and energy.
- Anaerobic respiration: Without oxygen; in muscle cells (lactic acid), in yeast (alcohol + CO2).
- Human respiratory system: Nose -> Pharynx -> Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Lungs (alveoli:
gas exchange).
4. Transportation
- Plants: Xylem (water & minerals from roots), Phloem (food from leaves).
- Humans: Blood circulatory system with heart (four chambers), arteries, veins, capillaries.
Blood: RBCs (oxygen transport), WBCs (immunity), platelets (clotting), plasma (transport nutrients
& wastes).
