Acids, Bases, and Salts - Class 10 NCERT Notes
1. **Metals**:
- Elements that are malleable, ductile, lustrous, and good conductors of heat & electricity.
- Examples: Iron, copper, aluminum, gold, silver.
- Usually solid (except mercury), high melting and boiling points.
2. **Physical Properties of Metals**:
- Malleability: Can be hammered into thin sheets.
- Ductility: Can be drawn into wires.
- Conductivity: Good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Lustre: Shiny appearance.
- Sonorous: Produce ringing sound when struck.
3. **Non-metals**:
- Generally brittle, non-lustrous, poor conductors.
- Examples: Carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen.
- Exist as solids, liquids (bromine), or gases.
4. **Chemical Properties of Metals**:
- Reaction with oxygen: Metal + Oxygen -> Metal oxide (usually basic in nature).
Example: 4Na + O2 -> 2Na2O.
- Reaction with water: Metal + Water -> Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen gas.
Example: 2Na + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2(gas).
- Reaction with acids: Metal + Dilute acid -> Salt + Hydrogen gas.
1. **Metals**:
- Elements that are malleable, ductile, lustrous, and good conductors of heat & electricity.
- Examples: Iron, copper, aluminum, gold, silver.
- Usually solid (except mercury), high melting and boiling points.
2. **Physical Properties of Metals**:
- Malleability: Can be hammered into thin sheets.
- Ductility: Can be drawn into wires.
- Conductivity: Good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Lustre: Shiny appearance.
- Sonorous: Produce ringing sound when struck.
3. **Non-metals**:
- Generally brittle, non-lustrous, poor conductors.
- Examples: Carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen.
- Exist as solids, liquids (bromine), or gases.
4. **Chemical Properties of Metals**:
- Reaction with oxygen: Metal + Oxygen -> Metal oxide (usually basic in nature).
Example: 4Na + O2 -> 2Na2O.
- Reaction with water: Metal + Water -> Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen gas.
Example: 2Na + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2(gas).
- Reaction with acids: Metal + Dilute acid -> Salt + Hydrogen gas.
