TEXES AAFCS COMPOSITE FINAL PAPER 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Non-durable goods - ✔✔Are consumption goods purchased by the household sector
that generally have a useful satisfaction-providing existence of shorter than a year.
-are about 30% of personal consumption.
✔✔Sanitation Of Toys - ✔✔dipped in a bleach-water solution and allowed o air dry
✔✔Immunization - ✔✔When a very small amount of a particular disease germ is
injected into the bloodstream so that the bod begins to produce the type of antibodies to
fight the germ.
✔✔Reporting Child Abuse - ✔✔You shod report any concern to a supervisor in a private
setting. Then supervisors should check out the concern and report to the closest social
service or CPS agency.
✔✔B.F. Skinner - ✔✔Emphasized that almost all behavior is LEARNED and can be
increased by positive consequences and decreased by negative consequences.
✔✔Social Learning Theory - ✔✔New behaviors are earned primarily through observing
the behavior of others. Observational learning or Modeling.
✔✔Psychoanalytic Theories - ✔✔Method of learning about mental processes and of
treating some mental disorders through the use of techniques association.
✔✔Behaviorism - ✔✔Traditional earning theory that credits environment as primary
source of development factors only born with reflexes.
✔✔Erik Erickson - ✔✔Developed theory on specific social tasks that need to emerge for
healthy development.
✔✔Basic Trust vs. Mistrust (INFANTS) - ✔✔Infants forms first trusting relationships with
caregiver.
Warmth, affection, and consistency of care lead to a positive, secure attachment with
primary caregiver. Inadequate care results in fear and mistrust. Since the relationship is
the prototype for all others, those with a primarily negative resolution to this stage may
struggle with forming close relationships for the rest of their lives.
✔✔Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (TODDLER) - ✔✔Toddler begins to push for
independence.
If a child is permitted and encouraged to do things for him/herself, a sense of
independence or freedom develops. Questioning ones ability and dependence
characterize a negative outcome for this stage.
,✔✔Initiative vs. Guilt (PRESCHOOLER) - ✔✔This stage occurs during the preschool
years of early childhood when children begin exploring their environments, first develop
awareness of the different social roles existing around them and experience feelings of
either purpose and accomplishment or guilt and inhibition.
✔✔Industry vs. Inferiority (SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN) - ✔✔corresponding to the
elementary school years, this stage is crucial in the development of competence or self-
confidence. Success in meeting the demands of school and society lead to a sense of
"productivity" or self-confidence. Repeated failures lead to feelings of inadequacy and
an unwillingness to try new tasks.
✔✔Identity vs. Role Confusion (ADOLESCENT) - ✔✔The critical issue for this stage is
the development of a consistent personality or sense of self. The positive outcome
involved the ability to answer the questions: "who am i? what will i become?" In
contemporary society, this stage often extends into young adulthood as a person
typically experiments with many behaviors, roles, and identities before achieving a
lasting and satisfying one
✔✔Intimacy vs. Isolation (YOUNG ADULT) - ✔✔The successful young adult, for the first
time, can experience true familiarity with others, the sort of acquaintances that makes
possible good marriage or a genuine and enduring friendship. The unsuccessful
outcome is aloneness and despair. Prior achievement of a consistent sense of self is
crucial to a successful resolution of this stage
✔✔Genetavity vs. Stagnation (MIDDLE AGE ADULT) - ✔✔The ability to give of oneself,
in the sense of marriage and parenthood as well as work, is the positive outcome of this
stage. Selfishness, the inability to give of oneself, is the negative outcome
✔✔Ego Integrity vs. Despair (OLDER ADULT) - ✔✔If the previous 7 crises have been
successfully resolved, mature adults develop a sense of virtue. They see their lives as
successful and worthwhile. They are proud of their work, their families, and they reap
the benefits of a fulfilling life. The unsuccessful resolution is disappointment: a negative
appraisal of ones life and the realization that it is too late to start over
✔✔Lev Vygotsky - ✔✔most famous for social development theory (of child cognitive
development)
Expressed the importance of social context of development. Children's learning is often
promoted through the assistance from adults who help then with the zone of proximal
development.
✔✔cephalocaudal growth - ✔✔Body develops from the head downward
✔✔Proximodistal Growth - ✔✔Starts at the center of the body and outward
,✔✔motor development - ✔✔The successful control over the movement of different parts
of the body.
✔✔gross motor skills - ✔✔physical skills that involve the large muscles, like arm and leg
muscles.
✔✔fine motor skills - ✔✔physical skills that involve the small muscles and eye-hand
coordination, like finger muscles
✔✔IQ test - ✔✔a test designed to measure intellectual aptitude
Mental age/Physical Age x 100 = IQ
✔✔Jean Piaget - ✔✔Most influential on early childhood education, described how
children's thinking is unique in each of the 4 stages.
✔✔Schemas ( 1 of 3 components of Piagets theory) - ✔✔Building blocks of knowledge
✔✔Adaptation Process (2 of 3 components of Piagets theory) - ✔✔The transition from
one stage to another
-Equilibrium
-Assimilation
-accommodation
✔✔sensorimotor stage (Stage 1: 0-2 years) - ✔✔-Infant interacts with the world
primarily through the senses and actions he or she can perform on objects. They don't
have the ability yet to represent objects or people to themselves mentally.
-world is based upon what the infant can see and act upon at the moment.
✔✔circular reaction (1 of 3 stages of sensorimotor) - ✔✔an infant's repetition of a
reflexive action that results in a pleasurable experience
✔✔object permanence (2 of 3 stages of sensorimotor) - ✔✔Infants do not know that An
object exist if they cannot, see, feel, hear, smell, or tasted.
3later as memory abilities improve infants begin to develop object permanence
✔✔Symbolic thought and Language Development (3of 3 stages of sensorimotor) -
✔✔They can start separating reality and imagination, symbols, words to represent ideas
Both a social and mental skill involves physical development.
✔✔preoperational stage (Stage 2: 2-6 years) - ✔✔The child can now represent things to
himself internally, but he is still focusing his attention on such external characteristics of
, objects or people as size shape, color and clothing. still uses these features to
categorize in groups.
Egocentric still can't think logically, memory is improving, identities and function.
the ability to imagine the mental lives of others (sympathy) emerges
✔✔concrete operational stage (Stage 3: 6-12 years) - ✔✔-Major step forward in the
abstractness of thoughts
-Conservation
-think logically but still very concrete,
✔✔Classification - ✔✔The process of grouping things based on their similarities
Ex: building blocks by shape and not just color
✔✔conservation - ✔✔To understand that even though one property of an object
changes, other properties stay the same
Ex: OJ in a wide cup to a long cup
✔✔Seration - ✔✔The ability to put things into an order
Ex-large to small
✔✔formal operational stage (stage 4: 12+ years) - ✔✔-Becomes able to think still More
abstractly, using deductive logic and approaching decisions and problems with a
systematic fashion.
-They can now thunk about ideas as well as objects and imagine objects or events that
they have never actually experienced themselves
✔✔Enzymes - ✔✔Substances that help the body digest and use food
✔✔short term memory - ✔✔activated memory that holds a few items briefly, before
information is stored or forgotten
✔✔long term memory - ✔✔the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
memory system
✔✔solitary play (1st stage) - ✔✔Up to months of age a child plays alone with toys . No
attempts to play with others
✔✔parallel play (stage 2) - ✔✔By 18 months (toddlers)the child plays beside but not
with, nearby children. Some watch others as they play some may not pay attention,
focused more on toys that the children.
✔✔Associative play(stage 3) - ✔✔3-4 years, occurs when children begin to participate
in games or activites together. Increased interest in peers
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Non-durable goods - ✔✔Are consumption goods purchased by the household sector
that generally have a useful satisfaction-providing existence of shorter than a year.
-are about 30% of personal consumption.
✔✔Sanitation Of Toys - ✔✔dipped in a bleach-water solution and allowed o air dry
✔✔Immunization - ✔✔When a very small amount of a particular disease germ is
injected into the bloodstream so that the bod begins to produce the type of antibodies to
fight the germ.
✔✔Reporting Child Abuse - ✔✔You shod report any concern to a supervisor in a private
setting. Then supervisors should check out the concern and report to the closest social
service or CPS agency.
✔✔B.F. Skinner - ✔✔Emphasized that almost all behavior is LEARNED and can be
increased by positive consequences and decreased by negative consequences.
✔✔Social Learning Theory - ✔✔New behaviors are earned primarily through observing
the behavior of others. Observational learning or Modeling.
✔✔Psychoanalytic Theories - ✔✔Method of learning about mental processes and of
treating some mental disorders through the use of techniques association.
✔✔Behaviorism - ✔✔Traditional earning theory that credits environment as primary
source of development factors only born with reflexes.
✔✔Erik Erickson - ✔✔Developed theory on specific social tasks that need to emerge for
healthy development.
✔✔Basic Trust vs. Mistrust (INFANTS) - ✔✔Infants forms first trusting relationships with
caregiver.
Warmth, affection, and consistency of care lead to a positive, secure attachment with
primary caregiver. Inadequate care results in fear and mistrust. Since the relationship is
the prototype for all others, those with a primarily negative resolution to this stage may
struggle with forming close relationships for the rest of their lives.
✔✔Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (TODDLER) - ✔✔Toddler begins to push for
independence.
If a child is permitted and encouraged to do things for him/herself, a sense of
independence or freedom develops. Questioning ones ability and dependence
characterize a negative outcome for this stage.
,✔✔Initiative vs. Guilt (PRESCHOOLER) - ✔✔This stage occurs during the preschool
years of early childhood when children begin exploring their environments, first develop
awareness of the different social roles existing around them and experience feelings of
either purpose and accomplishment or guilt and inhibition.
✔✔Industry vs. Inferiority (SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN) - ✔✔corresponding to the
elementary school years, this stage is crucial in the development of competence or self-
confidence. Success in meeting the demands of school and society lead to a sense of
"productivity" or self-confidence. Repeated failures lead to feelings of inadequacy and
an unwillingness to try new tasks.
✔✔Identity vs. Role Confusion (ADOLESCENT) - ✔✔The critical issue for this stage is
the development of a consistent personality or sense of self. The positive outcome
involved the ability to answer the questions: "who am i? what will i become?" In
contemporary society, this stage often extends into young adulthood as a person
typically experiments with many behaviors, roles, and identities before achieving a
lasting and satisfying one
✔✔Intimacy vs. Isolation (YOUNG ADULT) - ✔✔The successful young adult, for the first
time, can experience true familiarity with others, the sort of acquaintances that makes
possible good marriage or a genuine and enduring friendship. The unsuccessful
outcome is aloneness and despair. Prior achievement of a consistent sense of self is
crucial to a successful resolution of this stage
✔✔Genetavity vs. Stagnation (MIDDLE AGE ADULT) - ✔✔The ability to give of oneself,
in the sense of marriage and parenthood as well as work, is the positive outcome of this
stage. Selfishness, the inability to give of oneself, is the negative outcome
✔✔Ego Integrity vs. Despair (OLDER ADULT) - ✔✔If the previous 7 crises have been
successfully resolved, mature adults develop a sense of virtue. They see their lives as
successful and worthwhile. They are proud of their work, their families, and they reap
the benefits of a fulfilling life. The unsuccessful resolution is disappointment: a negative
appraisal of ones life and the realization that it is too late to start over
✔✔Lev Vygotsky - ✔✔most famous for social development theory (of child cognitive
development)
Expressed the importance of social context of development. Children's learning is often
promoted through the assistance from adults who help then with the zone of proximal
development.
✔✔cephalocaudal growth - ✔✔Body develops from the head downward
✔✔Proximodistal Growth - ✔✔Starts at the center of the body and outward
,✔✔motor development - ✔✔The successful control over the movement of different parts
of the body.
✔✔gross motor skills - ✔✔physical skills that involve the large muscles, like arm and leg
muscles.
✔✔fine motor skills - ✔✔physical skills that involve the small muscles and eye-hand
coordination, like finger muscles
✔✔IQ test - ✔✔a test designed to measure intellectual aptitude
Mental age/Physical Age x 100 = IQ
✔✔Jean Piaget - ✔✔Most influential on early childhood education, described how
children's thinking is unique in each of the 4 stages.
✔✔Schemas ( 1 of 3 components of Piagets theory) - ✔✔Building blocks of knowledge
✔✔Adaptation Process (2 of 3 components of Piagets theory) - ✔✔The transition from
one stage to another
-Equilibrium
-Assimilation
-accommodation
✔✔sensorimotor stage (Stage 1: 0-2 years) - ✔✔-Infant interacts with the world
primarily through the senses and actions he or she can perform on objects. They don't
have the ability yet to represent objects or people to themselves mentally.
-world is based upon what the infant can see and act upon at the moment.
✔✔circular reaction (1 of 3 stages of sensorimotor) - ✔✔an infant's repetition of a
reflexive action that results in a pleasurable experience
✔✔object permanence (2 of 3 stages of sensorimotor) - ✔✔Infants do not know that An
object exist if they cannot, see, feel, hear, smell, or tasted.
3later as memory abilities improve infants begin to develop object permanence
✔✔Symbolic thought and Language Development (3of 3 stages of sensorimotor) -
✔✔They can start separating reality and imagination, symbols, words to represent ideas
Both a social and mental skill involves physical development.
✔✔preoperational stage (Stage 2: 2-6 years) - ✔✔The child can now represent things to
himself internally, but he is still focusing his attention on such external characteristics of
, objects or people as size shape, color and clothing. still uses these features to
categorize in groups.
Egocentric still can't think logically, memory is improving, identities and function.
the ability to imagine the mental lives of others (sympathy) emerges
✔✔concrete operational stage (Stage 3: 6-12 years) - ✔✔-Major step forward in the
abstractness of thoughts
-Conservation
-think logically but still very concrete,
✔✔Classification - ✔✔The process of grouping things based on their similarities
Ex: building blocks by shape and not just color
✔✔conservation - ✔✔To understand that even though one property of an object
changes, other properties stay the same
Ex: OJ in a wide cup to a long cup
✔✔Seration - ✔✔The ability to put things into an order
Ex-large to small
✔✔formal operational stage (stage 4: 12+ years) - ✔✔-Becomes able to think still More
abstractly, using deductive logic and approaching decisions and problems with a
systematic fashion.
-They can now thunk about ideas as well as objects and imagine objects or events that
they have never actually experienced themselves
✔✔Enzymes - ✔✔Substances that help the body digest and use food
✔✔short term memory - ✔✔activated memory that holds a few items briefly, before
information is stored or forgotten
✔✔long term memory - ✔✔the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the
memory system
✔✔solitary play (1st stage) - ✔✔Up to months of age a child plays alone with toys . No
attempts to play with others
✔✔parallel play (stage 2) - ✔✔By 18 months (toddlers)the child plays beside but not
with, nearby children. Some watch others as they play some may not pay attention,
focused more on toys that the children.
✔✔Associative play(stage 3) - ✔✔3-4 years, occurs when children begin to participate
in games or activites together. Increased interest in peers
