THE
PILOT
Flight Planning
ATPL
STUDENT
pilot
resume
all info you need to pass atpl exams
, Flight planning
VFR:
Westerly (180 – 359): Even + 500
Easterly (000 – 179): Odd + 500
* Remember to convert to magnetic track when determining westerly or easterly
Congested areas: 1000ft above highest obstacle within 600m radius
Elsewhere: 500ft (150m) above ground
IFR:
Westerly: Even
Easterly: Odd
FL Number only: Min en-route altitude (MEA)
Number “a”: Min off-route altitude (MORA) Obstruction clearance: 10NM either side of route
Number “T”: Min obstruction clearance altitude (MOCA)
MAA: Max authorized altitude (MAA)
ISA temperature correction:
- ISA temp correction applied to pressure altitude
- Apply temp correction ONLY if it exceeds 20% MOC
- Apply temp correction for MSA always
Min sector altitude (MSA): 1000ft within 25NM
Mach = TAS/LSS (LSS = 38.95 x √ [273 – OAT (K)])
“Established”: Intermediate approach
SID/STAR: Routes are defined as magnetic courses
Charts:
In a grid sector, a number represents MSA
VHF distance = 1.25 x √Altitude
*If distance too short, use HF, lower HF frequency for night, higher HF frequency for day
Fuel planning:
USG x 6 = lb
USG x 3.7852 = litres
IMP gal x 4.55 = litres
Lb x 0.454 = kg
Kg x 2.205 = lb
Fuel in terms of mass (Kg or lb): Not affected by SG
Fuel burn in terms of volume (Gallons or litres): New fuel flow = (Old fuel flow x old SG) ÷ new SG
Range without any extra fuel:
Useable fuel: Block fuel – taxi – alternate – holding (45 min prop) – 5% contingency
Range = Useable fuel ÷ fuel consumption x GS
Regulation:
PILOT
Flight Planning
ATPL
STUDENT
pilot
resume
all info you need to pass atpl exams
, Flight planning
VFR:
Westerly (180 – 359): Even + 500
Easterly (000 – 179): Odd + 500
* Remember to convert to magnetic track when determining westerly or easterly
Congested areas: 1000ft above highest obstacle within 600m radius
Elsewhere: 500ft (150m) above ground
IFR:
Westerly: Even
Easterly: Odd
FL Number only: Min en-route altitude (MEA)
Number “a”: Min off-route altitude (MORA) Obstruction clearance: 10NM either side of route
Number “T”: Min obstruction clearance altitude (MOCA)
MAA: Max authorized altitude (MAA)
ISA temperature correction:
- ISA temp correction applied to pressure altitude
- Apply temp correction ONLY if it exceeds 20% MOC
- Apply temp correction for MSA always
Min sector altitude (MSA): 1000ft within 25NM
Mach = TAS/LSS (LSS = 38.95 x √ [273 – OAT (K)])
“Established”: Intermediate approach
SID/STAR: Routes are defined as magnetic courses
Charts:
In a grid sector, a number represents MSA
VHF distance = 1.25 x √Altitude
*If distance too short, use HF, lower HF frequency for night, higher HF frequency for day
Fuel planning:
USG x 6 = lb
USG x 3.7852 = litres
IMP gal x 4.55 = litres
Lb x 0.454 = kg
Kg x 2.205 = lb
Fuel in terms of mass (Kg or lb): Not affected by SG
Fuel burn in terms of volume (Gallons or litres): New fuel flow = (Old fuel flow x old SG) ÷ new SG
Range without any extra fuel:
Useable fuel: Block fuel – taxi – alternate – holding (45 min prop) – 5% contingency
Range = Useable fuel ÷ fuel consumption x GS
Regulation:
