Philosophy:PHIL 1001 Midterm exam 1 Questions & Answers|Latest Update

Philosophy:PHIL 1001 Midterm exam 1 Questions & Answers|Latest Update/Philosophy:PHIL 1001 Midterm exam 1 Questions & Answers Graded A. PHIL 1001 Philosophy Midterm Exam -Questions & Answers. • Question 1 6.25 out of 6.25 points In Pascal's Wager, what is the analogy behind the argument of whether God exists? Answers: a romantic relationship a bet a scientific experiment a leap off of a cliff Answer Feedback: Correct. Pascal develops his argument by thinking of God's existence as a matter on which we can bet in the same way that we might bet on a horse race or a coin flip. • Question 2 6.25 out of 6.25 points What is the goal of following the Noble Eightfold Path? Answers: to eliminate desires from one's life, thereby eliminating suffering as well to acquire as much knowledge as possible to minimize the suffering of oneself and others to achieve all of one's desires Answer Feedback: Correct. Buddhism teaches that we can eliminate suffering by eliminating desires, and the Noble Eightfold Path describes a way to eliminate these desires. • Question 3 6.25 out of 6.25 points According to Pascal, why should we believe in God? Answers: God's existence provides the best explanation of the existence of other things. God must exist because, otherwise, the natural world could not have the precise, complex structure that we observe it to have. Belief in God is the only thing that can make our day-to-day existence tolerable. If we believe in God and are right, we stand to gain an immense reward. Answer Feedback: Correct. According to Pascal, the reward we stand to gain by believing in God is so great that the best bet to make is to bet on God's existence. • Question 4 6.25 out of 6.25 points What does it mean to say that God is omnipotent? Answers: God is all good. God is all powerful. God exists. God knows everything. Answer Feedback: Correct. "Omnipotent" has its roots in the Latin words for "all" and "power," and this is a property that is traditionally ascribed to God. • Question 5 6.25 out of 6.25 points Which of these popular sayings characterizes the notion of karma in Hinduism? Answers: It is what it is. What goes around, comes around. Anything is possible. Everybody is entitled to his or her opinion. Answer Feedback: Correct. Karma refers to the process by which human actions result in appropriate consequences, which is what this saying captures as well. • Question 6 6.25 out of 6.25 points What did early daoists use as a model of how to live the best kind of life? Answers: a magnet water a sword a torch Answer Feedback: Correct. Daoism encourages its practitioners to avoid resisting the path that they are on, just as water moves along the path that presents the least resistance. • Question 7 6.25 out of 6.25 points According to Leibniz, why did God create this particular world? Answers: This is the best of all possible worlds. This is the only possible world. Not knowing which world to create, God picked one randomly. It was not up to God to decide which world to create. Answer Feedback: Correct. For Leibniz, God, as an all-good being, would choose to create the best world that could be created. • Question 8 0 out of 6.25 points What does the term "contingent being" mean in Aquinas's Cosmological Proof of God's existence? Answers: a being that does not have to exist a being that has no cause a being that does not exist God Answer Feedback: Incorrect. Aquinas holds that God is not a contingent being. • Question 9 0 out of 6.25 points Unlike philosophical Daoism, religious Daoism tends to emphasize what? Answers: living a long life paradox knowledge non-action Answer Feedback: Incorrect. Non-action is a central concept of philosophical Daoism. • Question 10 6.25 out of 6.25 points What problem does the notion of karma address? Answers: why there seems to be unnecessary suffering in the world how we can know that other people exist how we can have free will in a world that seems to proceed according to fixed laws why something rather than nothing exists Answer Feedback: Correct. According to the notion of karma, apparently unnecessary suffering is actually the result of evil deeds performed in the past. • Question 11 0 out of 6.25 points What kind of mistake does Hume think the following inference commits? "Many animals eat other animals. Therefore, we ought to eat other animals." Answers: It ignores that some animals are herbivores. It has a false premise. It illegitimately draws an "ought" conclusion from an "is" premise. It applies the Categorical Imperative incorrectly. Answer Feedback: Incorrect. The quantifier 'many' in the premise takes into account that not all animals eat other animals. • Question 12 6.25 out of 6.25 points According to Bentham and Mill, what aspect of an action determines its moral status? Answers: its consequences its conformity to rules of etiquette and social order its beauty the intention behind it Answer Feedback: Correct. Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, which emphasizes the consequences of an action when determining the action's status as morally right or wrong. • Question 13 6.25 out of 6.25 points What is a consequence of Singer's utilitarian argument for animal rights? Answers: We should not raise animals for food. We should give animals the right to vote. We should not keep animals as pets. We should try to educate animals like we do our own children. Answer Feedback: Correct. The primary conclusion that Singer draws from his argument is that it is morally wrong to raise and slaughter animals for food. • Question 14 6.25 out of 6.25 points Identify a common objection to many kinds of ethical relativism. Answers: Relativism often requires us to sacrifice the interests of a minority in favor of the interests of a majority. Relativism does not provide a clear way to settle ethical disputes. Relativism does not provide clear rules for how to act in a given situation. Relativism is too intolerant of other cultures with different values from our own. Answer Feedback: Correct. Since relativism says that the right action is whatever one's personal or cultural values say is right, it does not give us a way to figure out who is correct when two people or cultures have different values. • Question 15 6.25 out of 6.25 points How does Mill propose that we determine which of two pleasures is of a higher quality? Answers: We consider which pleasure involves the exercise of distinctively human abilities. We find out which one is preferred by people who have experience with both. We see which one babies and small children tend to favor. We determine which pleasure is sanctioned by religion. Answer Feedback: Correct. Mill proposes that pleasures of higher quality will be preferred to those of lower quality by people who have experience with both kinds..... document continues