BIOL 203
BIOL 203 EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
What are the building blocks of proteins? -Correct Answer ✔Amino acids.
What links amino acids together in proteins? -Correct Answer ✔Peptide bonds.
What is a long chain of amino acids called? -Correct Answer ✔A polypeptide.
How many amino acids are there and how many are essential? -Correct Answer
✔20 total; 9 are essential (must come from diet), 11 are non-essential (can be
synthesized).
What determines whether an amino acid is polar or non-polar? -Correct Answer
✔The presence of oxygen (polar) or its absence (non-polar).
What happens when a protein is denatured? -Correct Answer ✔It unfolds and
becomes non-functional.
What factors can denature proteins? -Correct Answer ✔Temperature and pH
changes.
What protein gives structural support to muscle fibres? -Correct Answer
✔Collagen.
What protein melts into gelatin when slow-cooked? -Correct Answer ✔Collagen.
Name 3 functional roles of proteins in the body. -Correct Answer ✔Structural
support, enzymes, hormones, fluid balance, pH regulation, cell membranes, energy
source, immune defense (antibodies).
BIOL 203
,BIOL 203
Where does protein digestion begin? -Correct Answer ✔The stomach, with HCl
and pepsin.
What organ continues protein digestion with enzymes? -Correct Answer ✔The
pancreas.
What is protein turnover? -Correct Answer ✔The recycling of proteins in the body.
What protein in red blood cells delivers oxygen? -Correct Answer ✔Hemoglobin.
What is positive nitrogen balance and when does it occur? -Correct Answer
✔When intake + retention > losses (e.g., pregnancy, growth, recovery).
What is deamination? -Correct Answer ✔The removal of the amino group from an
amino acid to use it for energy.
What causes food allergies? -Correct Answer ✔Hypersensitivity to specific
proteins.
What is protein complementation? -Correct Answer ✔Mixing plant-based protein
sources to get all essential amino acids.
What is the RDA for protein? -Correct Answer ✔0.8 g/kg of body weight.
What makes a protein "high quality"? -Correct Answer ✔It contains all essential
amino acids and is well absorbed.
What are vitamins and minerals classified as? -Correct Answer ✔Non-energy
yielding micronutrients.
What are nutrient-dense foods? -Correct Answer ✔Foods that are rich in
micronutrients.
BIOL 203
, BIOL 203
How are vitamins different from macronutrients? -Correct Answer ✔They are not
chains of repeated units.
What are natural sources of vitamins? -Correct Answer ✔Plants, animals, fungi,
and bacteria.
What is the difference between enrichment and fortification? -Correct Answer
✔Enrichment adds back nutrients lost in processing; fortification adds nutrients not
originally present.
How are water-soluble vitamins transported and excreted? -Correct Answer
✔Easily transported in blood and excreted in urine.
What is the main function of B vitamins? -Correct Answer ✔Support energy
generation from macronutrients.
What vitamin deficiency is linked to beriberi and polished rice? -Correct Answer
✔Thiamin.
Which vitamin deficiency is rare and found in milk? -Correct Answer
✔Riboflavin.
How is niacin produced in the body? -Correct Answer ✔From tryptophan (60 mg
of tryptophan = 1 mg of niacin).
What are key roles of vitamin B6? -Correct Answer ✔Energy and amino acid
metabolism, heme synthesis, and converting homocysteine to methionine.
What disease is linked to vitamin B6 deficiency? -Correct Answer ✔Anemia (due
to impaired heme synthesis).
What are folate's key roles? -Correct Answer ✔Energy, amino acid, and DNA
metabolism.
BIOL 203
BIOL 203 EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
What are the building blocks of proteins? -Correct Answer ✔Amino acids.
What links amino acids together in proteins? -Correct Answer ✔Peptide bonds.
What is a long chain of amino acids called? -Correct Answer ✔A polypeptide.
How many amino acids are there and how many are essential? -Correct Answer
✔20 total; 9 are essential (must come from diet), 11 are non-essential (can be
synthesized).
What determines whether an amino acid is polar or non-polar? -Correct Answer
✔The presence of oxygen (polar) or its absence (non-polar).
What happens when a protein is denatured? -Correct Answer ✔It unfolds and
becomes non-functional.
What factors can denature proteins? -Correct Answer ✔Temperature and pH
changes.
What protein gives structural support to muscle fibres? -Correct Answer
✔Collagen.
What protein melts into gelatin when slow-cooked? -Correct Answer ✔Collagen.
Name 3 functional roles of proteins in the body. -Correct Answer ✔Structural
support, enzymes, hormones, fluid balance, pH regulation, cell membranes, energy
source, immune defense (antibodies).
BIOL 203
,BIOL 203
Where does protein digestion begin? -Correct Answer ✔The stomach, with HCl
and pepsin.
What organ continues protein digestion with enzymes? -Correct Answer ✔The
pancreas.
What is protein turnover? -Correct Answer ✔The recycling of proteins in the body.
What protein in red blood cells delivers oxygen? -Correct Answer ✔Hemoglobin.
What is positive nitrogen balance and when does it occur? -Correct Answer
✔When intake + retention > losses (e.g., pregnancy, growth, recovery).
What is deamination? -Correct Answer ✔The removal of the amino group from an
amino acid to use it for energy.
What causes food allergies? -Correct Answer ✔Hypersensitivity to specific
proteins.
What is protein complementation? -Correct Answer ✔Mixing plant-based protein
sources to get all essential amino acids.
What is the RDA for protein? -Correct Answer ✔0.8 g/kg of body weight.
What makes a protein "high quality"? -Correct Answer ✔It contains all essential
amino acids and is well absorbed.
What are vitamins and minerals classified as? -Correct Answer ✔Non-energy
yielding micronutrients.
What are nutrient-dense foods? -Correct Answer ✔Foods that are rich in
micronutrients.
BIOL 203
, BIOL 203
How are vitamins different from macronutrients? -Correct Answer ✔They are not
chains of repeated units.
What are natural sources of vitamins? -Correct Answer ✔Plants, animals, fungi,
and bacteria.
What is the difference between enrichment and fortification? -Correct Answer
✔Enrichment adds back nutrients lost in processing; fortification adds nutrients not
originally present.
How are water-soluble vitamins transported and excreted? -Correct Answer
✔Easily transported in blood and excreted in urine.
What is the main function of B vitamins? -Correct Answer ✔Support energy
generation from macronutrients.
What vitamin deficiency is linked to beriberi and polished rice? -Correct Answer
✔Thiamin.
Which vitamin deficiency is rare and found in milk? -Correct Answer
✔Riboflavin.
How is niacin produced in the body? -Correct Answer ✔From tryptophan (60 mg
of tryptophan = 1 mg of niacin).
What are key roles of vitamin B6? -Correct Answer ✔Energy and amino acid
metabolism, heme synthesis, and converting homocysteine to methionine.
What disease is linked to vitamin B6 deficiency? -Correct Answer ✔Anemia (due
to impaired heme synthesis).
What are folate's key roles? -Correct Answer ✔Energy, amino acid, and DNA
metabolism.
BIOL 203
