BIOL 109 EXAM SET REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
monosaccharides - ANSWER-building blocks of disaccharides; sweet taste
disaccharides - ANSWER-a sugar (a carbohydrate) composed of two
monosaccharides. It is formed when two sugars are joined together and a molecule
of water is removed.
polysaccharides - ANSWER-carbohydrate molecule composed of long chains of
monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages
condensation reaction - ANSWER-chemical reaction in which two molecules or
moieties (functional groups) combine to form a larger molecule, together with the
loss of a small molecule.
hydrolysis reaction - ANSWER-chemical process in which a molecule of water is
added to a substance. Sometimes this addition causes both substance and water
molecule to split into two parts. In such reactions, one fragment of the target
molecule (or parent molecule) gains a hydrogen ion.
lipids - ANSWER-group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes,
sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides,
diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
triglycerides - ANSWER-an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups.
main constituents of natural fats and oils
phospholipid - ANSWER-fat derivatives in which one fatty acid has been replaced by
a phosphate group and one of several nitrogen-containing molecules.
enzymes - ANSWER-speed up reactions by providing an alternative reaction
pathway of lower activation energy
diffusion - ANSWER-net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high
concentration to a region of low concentration.
osmosis - ANSWER-movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable
membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to
equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
cranial cavity - ANSWER-cavity that contains brain
thoracic cavity - ANSWER-cavity that contains heart and lungs
vertebral cavity - ANSWER-cavity that contains spinal cord
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
monosaccharides - ANSWER-building blocks of disaccharides; sweet taste
disaccharides - ANSWER-a sugar (a carbohydrate) composed of two
monosaccharides. It is formed when two sugars are joined together and a molecule
of water is removed.
polysaccharides - ANSWER-carbohydrate molecule composed of long chains of
monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages
condensation reaction - ANSWER-chemical reaction in which two molecules or
moieties (functional groups) combine to form a larger molecule, together with the
loss of a small molecule.
hydrolysis reaction - ANSWER-chemical process in which a molecule of water is
added to a substance. Sometimes this addition causes both substance and water
molecule to split into two parts. In such reactions, one fragment of the target
molecule (or parent molecule) gains a hydrogen ion.
lipids - ANSWER-group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes,
sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides,
diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
triglycerides - ANSWER-an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups.
main constituents of natural fats and oils
phospholipid - ANSWER-fat derivatives in which one fatty acid has been replaced by
a phosphate group and one of several nitrogen-containing molecules.
enzymes - ANSWER-speed up reactions by providing an alternative reaction
pathway of lower activation energy
diffusion - ANSWER-net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high
concentration to a region of low concentration.
osmosis - ANSWER-movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable
membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to
equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
cranial cavity - ANSWER-cavity that contains brain
thoracic cavity - ANSWER-cavity that contains heart and lungs
vertebral cavity - ANSWER-cavity that contains spinal cord
