Portage BIOD 171 Module 2 Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed
What is cellular metabolism? - Answers a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living
organisms in order to maintain life.
What is the primary function of enzymes and how are they regulated? - Answers Enzymes speed up
chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed during the reaction and can be used
repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes can also be regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the
proper cofactor, enzymes are inactive while in its presence enzymes are active.
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? - Answers Catabolism is the process of
breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources whereas anabolism is the building up or
biosynthesis of macromolecules from smaller molecular units into larger complexes, most often
associated with cellular growth and repair.
ATP has the energy to __________ while ADP has the capacity to ________ energy. - Answers donate
and accept
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? - Answers Chemotrophs, which
acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the environment, can be divided into either
organotrophs (removing electrons from organic molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs, which remove
electrons from inorganic molecules.
Chemotrophs utilize which form of phosphorylation? - Answers Chemotrophs use oxidative
phosphorylation (may also accept substrate level phosphorylation). Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes
the energy released by the chemical oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP.
What are the three distinct stages in the catabolism of glucose? - Answers Glycolysis is the first step of
this process and yields 2 molecules of ATP. Next, by either fermentation or respiration, 2 additional
molecules of ATP can be produced. Last, the electron transport chain (ETC) produces 34 ATP via an
oxidative phosphorylation event at the plasma membrane.
What are the reactants of glycolysis? - Answers Reactants are defined as any molecules present and
involved at the beginning of a specific chemical reaction (i.e. glycolysis). In terms of writing out a
chemical reaction, the reactants are everything located to the left of the arrow. The reactants of
glycolysis are glucose, the co-enzyme NAD+ and ATP.
What are the two main strategies for replenishing cellular concentrations of NAD+ and when these
strategies be utilized? - Answers Fermentation and Respiration are the two strategies used by the cell to
convert NADH (end product of glycolysis) back to NAD+. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen
(anaerobic conditions) while respiration occurs under aerobic (presence of oxygen) conditions. Notably,
respiration is more efficient that fermentation.
How are the TCA and ETC related? - Answers The end products of the Kreb's (TCA or citric acid) cycle are
used to fuel the electron transport chain. In other words, as the Kreb's cycle (TCA) produces an
What is cellular metabolism? - Answers a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living
organisms in order to maintain life.
What is the primary function of enzymes and how are they regulated? - Answers Enzymes speed up
chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed during the reaction and can be used
repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes can also be regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the
proper cofactor, enzymes are inactive while in its presence enzymes are active.
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? - Answers Catabolism is the process of
breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources whereas anabolism is the building up or
biosynthesis of macromolecules from smaller molecular units into larger complexes, most often
associated with cellular growth and repair.
ATP has the energy to __________ while ADP has the capacity to ________ energy. - Answers donate
and accept
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? - Answers Chemotrophs, which
acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the environment, can be divided into either
organotrophs (removing electrons from organic molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs, which remove
electrons from inorganic molecules.
Chemotrophs utilize which form of phosphorylation? - Answers Chemotrophs use oxidative
phosphorylation (may also accept substrate level phosphorylation). Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes
the energy released by the chemical oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP.
What are the three distinct stages in the catabolism of glucose? - Answers Glycolysis is the first step of
this process and yields 2 molecules of ATP. Next, by either fermentation or respiration, 2 additional
molecules of ATP can be produced. Last, the electron transport chain (ETC) produces 34 ATP via an
oxidative phosphorylation event at the plasma membrane.
What are the reactants of glycolysis? - Answers Reactants are defined as any molecules present and
involved at the beginning of a specific chemical reaction (i.e. glycolysis). In terms of writing out a
chemical reaction, the reactants are everything located to the left of the arrow. The reactants of
glycolysis are glucose, the co-enzyme NAD+ and ATP.
What are the two main strategies for replenishing cellular concentrations of NAD+ and when these
strategies be utilized? - Answers Fermentation and Respiration are the two strategies used by the cell to
convert NADH (end product of glycolysis) back to NAD+. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen
(anaerobic conditions) while respiration occurs under aerobic (presence of oxygen) conditions. Notably,
respiration is more efficient that fermentation.
How are the TCA and ETC related? - Answers The end products of the Kreb's (TCA or citric acid) cycle are
used to fuel the electron transport chain. In other words, as the Kreb's cycle (TCA) produces an
