MS Ch 63: First Aid, Emergency Care,
and Disaster Management
1. What do changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques as
recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) include?
a. Compress the chest 100 times a minute.
b. Depress the chest at least1 inch.
c. Before compressions, administer three strong breaths.
d. Elevate the patient's hips. - Answers -ANS: A
Compress the chest 100 times a minute
The current AHA recommendations state that after the patient is assessed, the rescuer
should begin chest compressions at 100 compressions a minute and depress the chest
to 2 inches. Mouth-to-mouth breathing is no longer recommended. New research
suggests that abdominal compressions are less injurious to the patient and more
effective in terms of providing blood circulation.
2. Standing in a fast-food line, the person in front, while munching on a cookie, begins
to cough heavily, takes deep inspirations, and waves his arms around wildly. What
should be the nurse's first action?
a. Start rescue breathing as quickly as possible.
b. Start chest compressions as quickly as possible.
c. Perform abdominal thrusts.
d. Do nothing at this point as long as air is exchanged. - Answers -ANS: D
Do nothing at this point as long as air is exchanged
When a person is choking but alert enough to attempt to cough and force the
obstruction up and out by himself, allowing him to do so alone is best because more
expelling force occurs that way. Only when the person shows signs of not being able to
breathe beyond the obstruction should abdominal thrusts be applied.
3. What is the initial intervention for an unconscious patient who is not breathing
according to one-person CPR principles, as taught and practiced by professional
nurses?
a. Lift the jaw to clear the airway.
b. Call for assistance.
c. Start chest compressions.
d. Remove patient clothing to visualize the chest. - Answers -ANS: B
Call for assistance
With one-person CPR, when the patient is unconscious and not breathing, the first thing
to do is to call for help.
, 4. While ambulating, a patient gasps and drops to the floor unconscious with no pulse or
respiration. When is the nurse aware that brain cells begin to die?
a. 1 minute
b. 2 minutes
c. 3 minutes
d. 4 minutes - Answers -ANS: D
4 minutes
Without adequate perfusion, the brain cells begin to die in 4 minutes.
5. A nurse comes upon a traffic accident. One passenger is lying on the ground by an
open door. What should the nurse assess for first?
a. Uncontrolled bleeding
b. Circulation, airway, and breathing (CAB)
c. Abdominal deep wounds
d. Level of consciousness (LOC) and orientation - Answers -ANS: B
Circulation, airway, and breathing (CAB)
The CAB method of emergency assessment reminds the caregiver to check the
essentials first.
6. A nurse follows the protocol of SAMPLE when speaking to a victim of a fall in the
parking lot of the hospital. What does the P stand for?
a. Pills taken today
b. Personal physician
c. Past illnesses
d. Preference for emergency transportation - Answers -ANS: C
Past illnesses
The acronym SAMPLE that guides the victim interview means allergies, medications,
past illness or pregnancy, last food and drink, and events related to injury.
7. What instructions should the nurse provide for immediate treatment for epistaxis?
a. "Stand still, lean your head back so that the blood won't get all over everything, and
pinch your nose shut for at least 10 minutes."
b. "Stand still, lean your head forward, and pinch your nose tightly for at least 10
minutes."
c. "Sit down on a solid surface, lean your head forward to let the blood run out, and then
pinch your nose closed for at least 30 minutes."
d. "Sit down on a solid surface, lean your head forward so you don't choke on the blood,
and pinch your nose shut for at least 10 minutes." - Answers -ANS: D
"Sit down on a solid surface, lean your head forward so you don't choke on the blood,
and pinch your nose shut for at least 10 minutes."
and Disaster Management
1. What do changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques as
recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) include?
a. Compress the chest 100 times a minute.
b. Depress the chest at least1 inch.
c. Before compressions, administer three strong breaths.
d. Elevate the patient's hips. - Answers -ANS: A
Compress the chest 100 times a minute
The current AHA recommendations state that after the patient is assessed, the rescuer
should begin chest compressions at 100 compressions a minute and depress the chest
to 2 inches. Mouth-to-mouth breathing is no longer recommended. New research
suggests that abdominal compressions are less injurious to the patient and more
effective in terms of providing blood circulation.
2. Standing in a fast-food line, the person in front, while munching on a cookie, begins
to cough heavily, takes deep inspirations, and waves his arms around wildly. What
should be the nurse's first action?
a. Start rescue breathing as quickly as possible.
b. Start chest compressions as quickly as possible.
c. Perform abdominal thrusts.
d. Do nothing at this point as long as air is exchanged. - Answers -ANS: D
Do nothing at this point as long as air is exchanged
When a person is choking but alert enough to attempt to cough and force the
obstruction up and out by himself, allowing him to do so alone is best because more
expelling force occurs that way. Only when the person shows signs of not being able to
breathe beyond the obstruction should abdominal thrusts be applied.
3. What is the initial intervention for an unconscious patient who is not breathing
according to one-person CPR principles, as taught and practiced by professional
nurses?
a. Lift the jaw to clear the airway.
b. Call for assistance.
c. Start chest compressions.
d. Remove patient clothing to visualize the chest. - Answers -ANS: B
Call for assistance
With one-person CPR, when the patient is unconscious and not breathing, the first thing
to do is to call for help.
, 4. While ambulating, a patient gasps and drops to the floor unconscious with no pulse or
respiration. When is the nurse aware that brain cells begin to die?
a. 1 minute
b. 2 minutes
c. 3 minutes
d. 4 minutes - Answers -ANS: D
4 minutes
Without adequate perfusion, the brain cells begin to die in 4 minutes.
5. A nurse comes upon a traffic accident. One passenger is lying on the ground by an
open door. What should the nurse assess for first?
a. Uncontrolled bleeding
b. Circulation, airway, and breathing (CAB)
c. Abdominal deep wounds
d. Level of consciousness (LOC) and orientation - Answers -ANS: B
Circulation, airway, and breathing (CAB)
The CAB method of emergency assessment reminds the caregiver to check the
essentials first.
6. A nurse follows the protocol of SAMPLE when speaking to a victim of a fall in the
parking lot of the hospital. What does the P stand for?
a. Pills taken today
b. Personal physician
c. Past illnesses
d. Preference for emergency transportation - Answers -ANS: C
Past illnesses
The acronym SAMPLE that guides the victim interview means allergies, medications,
past illness or pregnancy, last food and drink, and events related to injury.
7. What instructions should the nurse provide for immediate treatment for epistaxis?
a. "Stand still, lean your head back so that the blood won't get all over everything, and
pinch your nose shut for at least 10 minutes."
b. "Stand still, lean your head forward, and pinch your nose tightly for at least 10
minutes."
c. "Sit down on a solid surface, lean your head forward to let the blood run out, and then
pinch your nose closed for at least 30 minutes."
d. "Sit down on a solid surface, lean your head forward so you don't choke on the blood,
and pinch your nose shut for at least 10 minutes." - Answers -ANS: D
"Sit down on a solid surface, lean your head forward so you don't choke on the blood,
and pinch your nose shut for at least 10 minutes."
