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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY BOID 331 MODULE 2 ACTUAL EXAM
NEWEST VERSION -2025/2026- WITH 100+ QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% SUCCESS)
What is proliferation?
Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell growth to replace old cells
or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled
proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli.
Genetic abnormalities
What is differentiation?
Process by which cells become more specialized with each mitotic division
What is neoplasm?
The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
, 2
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words)
Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things?
Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted cells
What are proto-oncogenes?
Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for the cell to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do?
Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell growth and signal (when necessary)
for apoptosis
, 3
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
DNA synthesis stops while the cell enlarges and both RNA and protein synthesis
begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle?
DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate sets of chromosomes one for each
daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
DNA synthesis again stops while RNA/protein synthesis continues.
The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________
Interphase
What are cell cycle checkpoints?
Means of molecular surveillance used to ensure the cell is ready to proceed to the
next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle?
Mitosis and cytoplasmic division.
, 4
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from
one mitotic division to the next.
Skin's squamous epithelium
What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called?
G0 or resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase?
1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0?
Neurons (highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase?
Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY BOID 331 MODULE 2 ACTUAL EXAM
NEWEST VERSION -2025/2026- WITH 100+ QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% SUCCESS)
What is proliferation?
Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell growth to replace old cells
or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled
proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli.
Genetic abnormalities
What is differentiation?
Process by which cells become more specialized with each mitotic division
What is neoplasm?
The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
, 2
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words)
Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things?
Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted cells
What are proto-oncogenes?
Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for the cell to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do?
Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell growth and signal (when necessary)
for apoptosis
, 3
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
DNA synthesis stops while the cell enlarges and both RNA and protein synthesis
begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle?
DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate sets of chromosomes one for each
daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
DNA synthesis again stops while RNA/protein synthesis continues.
The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________
Interphase
What are cell cycle checkpoints?
Means of molecular surveillance used to ensure the cell is ready to proceed to the
next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle?
Mitosis and cytoplasmic division.
, 4
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from
one mitotic division to the next.
Skin's squamous epithelium
What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called?
G0 or resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase?
1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0?
Neurons (highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase?
Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
