NURSING 1002 - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I *FINAL
EXAM REVIEW*
Acromial Correct Answers refers to the top/point of the
shoulder
Actin Correct Answers Thin filaments; a contractile protein of
muscle
Action potential propagation Correct Answers the movement
of an action potential down the axon.
Active Transport Correct Answers the process by which
substances are moved across the membrane against the
concentration gradient, therefore energy (in the form of ATP) is
required.
Hint: branches down into primary and secondary
Adrenal glands Correct Answers a pair of endocrine glands
located on the superior aspect of the kidneys, each contain an
inner (medulla) and outer (cortex) gland.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Correct Answers a
hormone which stimulates the release of glucocorticoidsi and
androgens from the adrenal glands.
Aldosterone Correct Answers a mineralcorticoid produced by
the adrenal cortex which regulate electrolytes in the extracellular
fluid (mostly sodium and potassium). It is also involved in the
production of proteins needed for the sodium-potassium pump to
function.
,Amino acid based hormones Correct Answers hormones which
are water-soluble and CAN NOT cross the plasma membrane;
most hormones are of this type.
Anatagonism Correct Answers the situation in which one
hormone opposes the action of another hormone.
Anatomy Correct Answers the study of body structure and how
they are related to one another.
Antecubital Correct Answers refers to the anterior surface of
the elbow
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Correct Answers a hormone
which prevents vast fluctuations in water balance; it helps avoid
dehydration and water overload by inhibiting urine production.
This release of this hormone is triggered when fluid levels fall as
a result of dehydration, blood loss, etc..
Appendicular Portion Correct Answers refers to the
appendages; the upper and lower limbs.
Association areas Correct Answers are parts of the brain which
receive input from multiple senses and send outputs to multiple
areas, the purpose of these areas is to give meaning to the
information received by an individual.
Association fibres Correct Answers responsible for connecting
different parts of the same brain hemisphere.
,Auditory area Correct Answers impulses from the inner ear are
projected here, this is where they are interpreted.
Autonomic reflex Correct Answers reflexes that activate
visceral effectors, such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or
glands.
Axial Portion Correct Answers refers to the head, neck, and
trunk
Axillary Correct Answers refers to the underarm area
Axillary nerve Correct Answers located on the proximal radius
bone.
Axon Correct Answers the elongated part of the neuron that
carries action potentials away from the neuron.
Axon hillock Correct Answers connects the cell body to the
axon; is responsible for initiating the firing of an action
potential.
Axon potentials Correct Answers the process by which the
nervous system sends signals over long distances, this occurs
when the electrical properties of the plasma membrane are
changed for a brief time period
Axon Terminals Correct Answers the branches at the end of the
axon that release neurotransmitters which relay the signals to
other cells.
, Basal ganglia Correct Answers a group of nuclei located deep
in the cerebral white matter which receive input from the cortex
and provide output to the motor cortex. It is critical for voluntary
movements, especially initiated.
Brain stem Correct Answers accounts for approximately 2.5%
of the brains total mass, it produces functions that are necessary
for survival such as breathing and heart beat. It contains a
pathway of tracts from the cortex to get to the spinal cord.
Broca's area Correct Answers responsible for controlling the
muscles which produce speech.
Calcaneal Correct Answers refers to the heel of the foot
Calcitonin Correct Answers a hormone that has no known
physiological effect, but it is secreted as a result of rising blood
calcium levels; which it does by inhibiting osteoclast activity,
for example.
Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion Correct Answers happens
via a protein carrier that is specific to one chemical; it changes
shape to move the binding site from one face of the membrane
to the other.
Cartilage Correct Answers a type of connective tissue that is
comprised of chondroblasts/chondrocytes. It is avascular and
aneural.
EXAM REVIEW*
Acromial Correct Answers refers to the top/point of the
shoulder
Actin Correct Answers Thin filaments; a contractile protein of
muscle
Action potential propagation Correct Answers the movement
of an action potential down the axon.
Active Transport Correct Answers the process by which
substances are moved across the membrane against the
concentration gradient, therefore energy (in the form of ATP) is
required.
Hint: branches down into primary and secondary
Adrenal glands Correct Answers a pair of endocrine glands
located on the superior aspect of the kidneys, each contain an
inner (medulla) and outer (cortex) gland.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Correct Answers a
hormone which stimulates the release of glucocorticoidsi and
androgens from the adrenal glands.
Aldosterone Correct Answers a mineralcorticoid produced by
the adrenal cortex which regulate electrolytes in the extracellular
fluid (mostly sodium and potassium). It is also involved in the
production of proteins needed for the sodium-potassium pump to
function.
,Amino acid based hormones Correct Answers hormones which
are water-soluble and CAN NOT cross the plasma membrane;
most hormones are of this type.
Anatagonism Correct Answers the situation in which one
hormone opposes the action of another hormone.
Anatomy Correct Answers the study of body structure and how
they are related to one another.
Antecubital Correct Answers refers to the anterior surface of
the elbow
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Correct Answers a hormone
which prevents vast fluctuations in water balance; it helps avoid
dehydration and water overload by inhibiting urine production.
This release of this hormone is triggered when fluid levels fall as
a result of dehydration, blood loss, etc..
Appendicular Portion Correct Answers refers to the
appendages; the upper and lower limbs.
Association areas Correct Answers are parts of the brain which
receive input from multiple senses and send outputs to multiple
areas, the purpose of these areas is to give meaning to the
information received by an individual.
Association fibres Correct Answers responsible for connecting
different parts of the same brain hemisphere.
,Auditory area Correct Answers impulses from the inner ear are
projected here, this is where they are interpreted.
Autonomic reflex Correct Answers reflexes that activate
visceral effectors, such as smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or
glands.
Axial Portion Correct Answers refers to the head, neck, and
trunk
Axillary Correct Answers refers to the underarm area
Axillary nerve Correct Answers located on the proximal radius
bone.
Axon Correct Answers the elongated part of the neuron that
carries action potentials away from the neuron.
Axon hillock Correct Answers connects the cell body to the
axon; is responsible for initiating the firing of an action
potential.
Axon potentials Correct Answers the process by which the
nervous system sends signals over long distances, this occurs
when the electrical properties of the plasma membrane are
changed for a brief time period
Axon Terminals Correct Answers the branches at the end of the
axon that release neurotransmitters which relay the signals to
other cells.
, Basal ganglia Correct Answers a group of nuclei located deep
in the cerebral white matter which receive input from the cortex
and provide output to the motor cortex. It is critical for voluntary
movements, especially initiated.
Brain stem Correct Answers accounts for approximately 2.5%
of the brains total mass, it produces functions that are necessary
for survival such as breathing and heart beat. It contains a
pathway of tracts from the cortex to get to the spinal cord.
Broca's area Correct Answers responsible for controlling the
muscles which produce speech.
Calcaneal Correct Answers refers to the heel of the foot
Calcitonin Correct Answers a hormone that has no known
physiological effect, but it is secreted as a result of rising blood
calcium levels; which it does by inhibiting osteoclast activity,
for example.
Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion Correct Answers happens
via a protein carrier that is specific to one chemical; it changes
shape to move the binding site from one face of the membrane
to the other.
Cartilage Correct Answers a type of connective tissue that is
comprised of chondroblasts/chondrocytes. It is avascular and
aneural.
