Conceptual Actual Exam Questions With
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Q1: What layer of the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end delivery and error
checking?
A: Transport Layer (Layer 4)
Q2: What layer of the OSI model does IP addressing and routing occur?
A: Network Layer (Layer 3)
Q3: Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles HTTP and email protocols?
A: Application Layer
Q4: What device forwards data based on MAC addresses?
A: Switch
Q5: What device connects multiple networks and forwards data based on IP
addresses?
A: Router
Q6: What topology offers high fault tolerance but is expensive to implement?
A: Mesh topology
Q7: What are the three elements of the CIA triad?
A: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
Q8: What does an IDS do?
A: Monitors network traffic and alerts for suspicious activity (does not block)
Q9: What is a phishing attack?
A: A type of social engineering where attackers trick users into giving up sensitive
info
,Q10: What is the default subnet mask for a Class C address?
A: 255.255.255.0
Q11: What protocol is used to assign IP addresses automatically?
A: DHCP
Q12: What protocol secures communication over the internet with encryption?
A: HTTPS (uses SSL/TLS)
Q13: Which cloud model gives full control over hardware and software?
A: IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
Q14: What is a hypervisor?
A: A software layer that enables multiple virtual machines to run on a single host
Q15: What’s the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors?
A:
• Type 1: Runs directly on hardware (bare-metal)
• Type 2: Runs within an operating system
Q16: What is symmetric encryption?
A: Uses the same key for encryption and decryption
Q17: What type of encryption uses public/private keys?
A: Asymmetric encryption
Q18: What does AAA stand for?
A: Authentication, Authorization, Accounting
Network devices - ANSWER Switches, routers, and firewalls with access to
data
Compromised device - ANSWER Device accessed by a malicious user or
attacker
, Wireless networks - ANSWER Networks vulnerable to attackers in close
proximity
Hardening - ANSWER Process of securing and testing network devices
Default passwords - ANSWER Factory-set passwords that should be changed
Unnecessary logins - ANSWER Accounts not used by the network
administrator
Strong password policy - ANSWER Requiring complex passwords and regular
changes
Unnecessary services - ANSWER Optional features that increase the risk of
attack
Patching - ANSWER Installing security updates to fix vulnerabilities
Physical access - ANSWER Ability to physically interact with a device
Trusted network - ANSWER Network authorized to make changes to a device