Psychology 12 Final Exam Review
Questions And Actual Answers (2025)
Updated.
Define in-group bias - Answer The tendency to favor one's own group
Describe the different types of parenting style - Answer - Authoritarian: Impose rules & expect
obedience
- Permissive: Submit to children's demand, ask little, & rarely punishes bad behavior
- Authoritative: Demanding but responsive to their children
Describe the Cannon-Bard Theory - Answer The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus
simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of
physiological states' inner psychological dynamics; & social-cultural circumstances
What does the medical model of psychologically disordered behavior neglect? - Answer That
disordered behavior, like other behavior, may arise from genetic & psychological predispositions
Explain the phenomenon of size constancy - Answer Perceiving objects as unchanging in size,
despite the changing images they cast on our retinas
Describe subliminal stimulation - Answer Sensory stimulation below a person's absolute
threshold for conscious perception
Interneurons in the ______________ control a knee jerk reflex - Answer Spinal cord
Define id, ego, and superego - Answer - Id: Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy
that strives to satisfy basic sexual & aggressive drives, operating on the pleasure principle,
demanding immediate gratification
- Ego: They largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that mediates among the demands
of the id, superego and reality, operating on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in
ways that will bring realistic pleasure than pain
- Superego: The part of personality that represents internalized ideas & provides standards for
judgement (the conscience) & for future aspirations
, Identify Piaget's stages of cognitive development. - Answer Sensorimotor, preoperational,
concrete operational, formal operational
Define prejudice - Answer An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and
its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a
predisposition to discriminatory action
Describe achievement motivation - Answer A desire for significant accomplishment; for
mastery of things, people, or ideas' for attaining a high standard
Describe hindsight bias - Answer The tendency to believe falsely that we could have accurately
predicted the outcome of an event after that outcome is already known
What is the definition of Contemporary Psychology? - Answer The scientific study of behavior
& mental processes. Focuses on neuroscience, evolutionary, behavior genetics psychodynamic,
behavioral, cognitive, & social-cultural perspective
Describe the effects of alcohol - Answer - Depressant, which reduces neural activity & slow
body functions
- Disinhabitor; increases likelihood of one acting on impulses that otherwise might not be
expressed
- Slows nervous system activity, impairs judgement, reduces self-awareness, disrupts memory
processes by suppressing REM sleep
Describe the effects of fixation in problem solving - Answer The inability to see a problem from
a new perspective. Once incorrectly representing the problem it's hard to restructure how to
approach the problem
Describe group polarization - Answer The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations
through discussion within the group
What part of the scientific method is correlational research most helpful with? - Answer
Prediction (theories made from observations & imply predictive hypotheses)
What would a neuroscience perspective on depression propose? - Answer Norepinephrine &
serotonin are scarce during depression. Activity in the left frontal lobes is slowed during
Questions And Actual Answers (2025)
Updated.
Define in-group bias - Answer The tendency to favor one's own group
Describe the different types of parenting style - Answer - Authoritarian: Impose rules & expect
obedience
- Permissive: Submit to children's demand, ask little, & rarely punishes bad behavior
- Authoritative: Demanding but responsive to their children
Describe the Cannon-Bard Theory - Answer The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus
simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of
physiological states' inner psychological dynamics; & social-cultural circumstances
What does the medical model of psychologically disordered behavior neglect? - Answer That
disordered behavior, like other behavior, may arise from genetic & psychological predispositions
Explain the phenomenon of size constancy - Answer Perceiving objects as unchanging in size,
despite the changing images they cast on our retinas
Describe subliminal stimulation - Answer Sensory stimulation below a person's absolute
threshold for conscious perception
Interneurons in the ______________ control a knee jerk reflex - Answer Spinal cord
Define id, ego, and superego - Answer - Id: Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy
that strives to satisfy basic sexual & aggressive drives, operating on the pleasure principle,
demanding immediate gratification
- Ego: They largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that mediates among the demands
of the id, superego and reality, operating on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in
ways that will bring realistic pleasure than pain
- Superego: The part of personality that represents internalized ideas & provides standards for
judgement (the conscience) & for future aspirations
, Identify Piaget's stages of cognitive development. - Answer Sensorimotor, preoperational,
concrete operational, formal operational
Define prejudice - Answer An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and
its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a
predisposition to discriminatory action
Describe achievement motivation - Answer A desire for significant accomplishment; for
mastery of things, people, or ideas' for attaining a high standard
Describe hindsight bias - Answer The tendency to believe falsely that we could have accurately
predicted the outcome of an event after that outcome is already known
What is the definition of Contemporary Psychology? - Answer The scientific study of behavior
& mental processes. Focuses on neuroscience, evolutionary, behavior genetics psychodynamic,
behavioral, cognitive, & social-cultural perspective
Describe the effects of alcohol - Answer - Depressant, which reduces neural activity & slow
body functions
- Disinhabitor; increases likelihood of one acting on impulses that otherwise might not be
expressed
- Slows nervous system activity, impairs judgement, reduces self-awareness, disrupts memory
processes by suppressing REM sleep
Describe the effects of fixation in problem solving - Answer The inability to see a problem from
a new perspective. Once incorrectly representing the problem it's hard to restructure how to
approach the problem
Describe group polarization - Answer The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations
through discussion within the group
What part of the scientific method is correlational research most helpful with? - Answer
Prediction (theories made from observations & imply predictive hypotheses)
What would a neuroscience perspective on depression propose? - Answer Norepinephrine &
serotonin are scarce during depression. Activity in the left frontal lobes is slowed during
