ANAT 380 Exam Questions and Answers Solved Correctly Rated 100%
Diaphragm - Answers Thin, musculotendinous septum that separates the thoracic and abdominal
cavities
Peripheral muscular fibres - Answers Attach to the inferior margin of the thoracic cage and the lumbar
vertebrae, the converge on the central tendon
Right crus - Answers Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from the anterolateral surface
of the upper three lumbar vertebrae
Left crus - Answers Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from the anterolateral surface
of the upper two lumbar vertebrae
Apertures of the Diaphragm - Answers Caval opening, esophageal hiatus, and aortic hiatus
Caval opening - Answers Opening for the inferior vena cava in the central tendon at the T8 level
Esophageal hiatus - Answers Opening for the esophagus at level T10
Aortic hiatus - Answers Opening for the abdominal portion of the aorta between the left and right crus,
anterior to T12
Intercostal muscles - Answers Series of muscle layers between adjacent ribs, helping to form the chest
wall. Twisting and reaching upward my result in strain or tear.
External intercostal muscles - Answers Fibres run anteroinferiorly from the lower border of the rib.
Internal intercostal muscles - Answers Fibres run posterosuperiorly from the upper border of the rib.
Manubrium - Answers Most superior part of the sternum
Manubriosternal joint - Answers Articulation between the manubrium and sternal body
Sternal body - Answers Middle portion of the sternum
Xiphisternal joint - Answers Articulation between the sternal body and diploid process
Xiphoid process - Answers Most inferior portion of the sternum
Vertebral arch and body - Answers Form the vertebral foramen to protect and house the spinal cord
Pedicle - Answers Forms the intervertebral foramen where a spinal nerve exits the vertebral canal
Spinous process, transverse process, and body - Answers Attachment site for muscles and ligaments of
the spine
,Intervertebral discs - Answers Cartilaginous joints consisting of the outer annulus fibrosis and central
nucleus pulposus; act as shock absorbers and allow for some minimal movement
Annulus fibrosis - Answers Outer ring of the intervertebral disc made of fibrocartilage
Nucleus pulposus - Answers Gelatinous structure that functions to resist compressive force
Ribs (function) - Answers Protect the thoracic cavity, where many vital organs and vessels are located
Ribs (location) - Answers Deep to the skin and superficial to the thoracic cavity containing the heart,
lungs, and esophagus
Costal cartilage - Answers Connects the ribs to the sternum
Superior thoracic inlet - Answers Allows passage between the thorax and the neck
Inferior thoracic inlet - Answers Allows passage between the thorax and abdomen
Internal thoracic arteries - Answers Main blood supply of the anterior thoracic wall; located lateral to
the sternum
Anterior intercostal arteries - Answers Arise from the internal thoracic arteries; pass around the thoracic
wall in the costal grooves of ribs to form an anastomosis (direct connection) with posterior intercostal
arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries - Answers Branches off the thoracic aorta; travel anteriorly to anastomose
with the anterior intercostal arteries
Subcostal arteries - Answers Run inferior to the costal margin
Intercostal nerves 1-6 - Answers Distributed in their intercostal spaces, innervating the intercostal
muscles of the thoracic wall and overlying skin
Intercostal nerves 7-12 - Answers Innervates the abdominal muscles and overlying skin
Phrenic nerve - Answers Formed by spinal nerves C3-C5; provides motor innervation to the diaphragm,
and carry sensory innervation to the central tendon of the diaphragm
Suspensory ligaments (of Cooper) - Answers Separate the lobes in the breast
Lactiferous ducts - Answers Breast milk ducts
Arterial supply of the lateral breast - Answers Lateral thoracic arteries-branches of the axillary artery
Arterial supply of the medial breast - Answers Internal thoracic (mammary) artery
Heart (location) - Answers Lies behind the sternum and central part of the thoracic cage
Apex - Answers Inferior tip of the heart
, Pericardium - Answers Sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels entering and
leaving it
Interventricular septum (IV) - Answers Divides the left and right ventricles
Aorta - Answers Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Brachiocephalic artery - Answers Branch of the aorta the bifurcates into the right common carotid artery
and the right subclavian artery
Left subclavian artery - Answers Branch of the aorta that supplies blood to the left arm; gives rise to the
left internal thoracic artery
Left common carotid artery - Answers Branch of the aorta that supplies the left side of the neck and face
Right subclavian artery - Answers Gives rise to the right internal thoracic artery
Left and right aortic sinuses - Answers Give rise to the left and right coronary arteries; supplies the heart
organ itself
Costomediastinal recess - Answers Pleural recess found between the costal and mediastinal parietal
pleura; left is larger than the right because it overlies the heart
Costodiaphragmatic recess - Answers Pleural recess between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura,
below the inferior part of the lungs.
Parietal pleura (innervation) - Answers Intercostal and phrenic nerves
Hilum - Answers Depression, centred in the medial surface of the lung, where structures enter and exit
Root of the lungs - Answers Collection of structures that enter and exit the lungs, connecting the lungs
to the trachea and the heart
Brachiocephalic veins - Answers Drain into the superior vena cava
Azygos vein - Answers Carries blood from the right posterior intercostal veins to drain into the superior
vena cava
(Accessory) Hemiazygos vein - Answers Drains the left posterior intercostal veins, located
Right posterior hemiazygos vein - Answers Drains directly into the azygos vein
Right bronchial veins - Answers Remove deoxygenated blood from the lungs
Thoracic duct - Answers Drains lymph from the left side of the head, neck, thorax, upper limb, and all of
the structures below the diaphragm
Diaphragm - Answers Thin, musculotendinous septum that separates the thoracic and abdominal
cavities
Peripheral muscular fibres - Answers Attach to the inferior margin of the thoracic cage and the lumbar
vertebrae, the converge on the central tendon
Right crus - Answers Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from the anterolateral surface
of the upper three lumbar vertebrae
Left crus - Answers Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from the anterolateral surface
of the upper two lumbar vertebrae
Apertures of the Diaphragm - Answers Caval opening, esophageal hiatus, and aortic hiatus
Caval opening - Answers Opening for the inferior vena cava in the central tendon at the T8 level
Esophageal hiatus - Answers Opening for the esophagus at level T10
Aortic hiatus - Answers Opening for the abdominal portion of the aorta between the left and right crus,
anterior to T12
Intercostal muscles - Answers Series of muscle layers between adjacent ribs, helping to form the chest
wall. Twisting and reaching upward my result in strain or tear.
External intercostal muscles - Answers Fibres run anteroinferiorly from the lower border of the rib.
Internal intercostal muscles - Answers Fibres run posterosuperiorly from the upper border of the rib.
Manubrium - Answers Most superior part of the sternum
Manubriosternal joint - Answers Articulation between the manubrium and sternal body
Sternal body - Answers Middle portion of the sternum
Xiphisternal joint - Answers Articulation between the sternal body and diploid process
Xiphoid process - Answers Most inferior portion of the sternum
Vertebral arch and body - Answers Form the vertebral foramen to protect and house the spinal cord
Pedicle - Answers Forms the intervertebral foramen where a spinal nerve exits the vertebral canal
Spinous process, transverse process, and body - Answers Attachment site for muscles and ligaments of
the spine
,Intervertebral discs - Answers Cartilaginous joints consisting of the outer annulus fibrosis and central
nucleus pulposus; act as shock absorbers and allow for some minimal movement
Annulus fibrosis - Answers Outer ring of the intervertebral disc made of fibrocartilage
Nucleus pulposus - Answers Gelatinous structure that functions to resist compressive force
Ribs (function) - Answers Protect the thoracic cavity, where many vital organs and vessels are located
Ribs (location) - Answers Deep to the skin and superficial to the thoracic cavity containing the heart,
lungs, and esophagus
Costal cartilage - Answers Connects the ribs to the sternum
Superior thoracic inlet - Answers Allows passage between the thorax and the neck
Inferior thoracic inlet - Answers Allows passage between the thorax and abdomen
Internal thoracic arteries - Answers Main blood supply of the anterior thoracic wall; located lateral to
the sternum
Anterior intercostal arteries - Answers Arise from the internal thoracic arteries; pass around the thoracic
wall in the costal grooves of ribs to form an anastomosis (direct connection) with posterior intercostal
arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries - Answers Branches off the thoracic aorta; travel anteriorly to anastomose
with the anterior intercostal arteries
Subcostal arteries - Answers Run inferior to the costal margin
Intercostal nerves 1-6 - Answers Distributed in their intercostal spaces, innervating the intercostal
muscles of the thoracic wall and overlying skin
Intercostal nerves 7-12 - Answers Innervates the abdominal muscles and overlying skin
Phrenic nerve - Answers Formed by spinal nerves C3-C5; provides motor innervation to the diaphragm,
and carry sensory innervation to the central tendon of the diaphragm
Suspensory ligaments (of Cooper) - Answers Separate the lobes in the breast
Lactiferous ducts - Answers Breast milk ducts
Arterial supply of the lateral breast - Answers Lateral thoracic arteries-branches of the axillary artery
Arterial supply of the medial breast - Answers Internal thoracic (mammary) artery
Heart (location) - Answers Lies behind the sternum and central part of the thoracic cage
Apex - Answers Inferior tip of the heart
, Pericardium - Answers Sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels entering and
leaving it
Interventricular septum (IV) - Answers Divides the left and right ventricles
Aorta - Answers Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Brachiocephalic artery - Answers Branch of the aorta the bifurcates into the right common carotid artery
and the right subclavian artery
Left subclavian artery - Answers Branch of the aorta that supplies blood to the left arm; gives rise to the
left internal thoracic artery
Left common carotid artery - Answers Branch of the aorta that supplies the left side of the neck and face
Right subclavian artery - Answers Gives rise to the right internal thoracic artery
Left and right aortic sinuses - Answers Give rise to the left and right coronary arteries; supplies the heart
organ itself
Costomediastinal recess - Answers Pleural recess found between the costal and mediastinal parietal
pleura; left is larger than the right because it overlies the heart
Costodiaphragmatic recess - Answers Pleural recess between the costal and diaphragmatic pleura,
below the inferior part of the lungs.
Parietal pleura (innervation) - Answers Intercostal and phrenic nerves
Hilum - Answers Depression, centred in the medial surface of the lung, where structures enter and exit
Root of the lungs - Answers Collection of structures that enter and exit the lungs, connecting the lungs
to the trachea and the heart
Brachiocephalic veins - Answers Drain into the superior vena cava
Azygos vein - Answers Carries blood from the right posterior intercostal veins to drain into the superior
vena cava
(Accessory) Hemiazygos vein - Answers Drains the left posterior intercostal veins, located
Right posterior hemiazygos vein - Answers Drains directly into the azygos vein
Right bronchial veins - Answers Remove deoxygenated blood from the lungs
Thoracic duct - Answers Drains lymph from the left side of the head, neck, thorax, upper limb, and all of
the structures below the diaphragm
