BIOS 256 Final Exam questions with answers
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what are male gametes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sperm
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What are female gametes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Secondary
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
oocytes
Embryonic period? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔From fertilization
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
through the eighth week of development
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Fetal period? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Begins at week 9 and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
continues on until birth |\ |\ |\
Describe the first trimester? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The first
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
trimester is from conception to 13 weeks. This period is very
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
critical to babies health due to the extensive oran-system
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
development, and baby is most vulnerable to teratogens. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Describe the second trimester? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔14
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
weeks to 27 weeks. Baby begins to develop human like features
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Describe the third trimester? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔28 weeks
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to 40 weeks. Rapid fetal growth, fetus doubles in weight.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Cleavage of zygote - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Mitotic division after
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fertilization
|\
,Day 1: two-cell stage
|\ |\ |\
Day 2: four-cell stage
|\ |\ |\
Day 3: eight-cell stage
|\ |\ |\ |\
Day 4: morula
|\ |\
Day 5: blastocyst
|\ |\
Day 6: Implantation in uterine wall
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
FIGURE 29.5 |\
What factors stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increased blood osmolarity(more solutes)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Decreased blood volume |\ |\
Decreased blood pressure |\ |\
Dry mouth |\
What does a decreased blood pressure stimulate in the kidneys?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Stimulates the release of renin, which
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increases angiotensin II formation, leading to increased thirst,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increased water intake, and increased blood volume, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increased blood pressure |\ |\
What are the two main solutes in extracellular fluid and in urine?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Na+ and Cl-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ADH function - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ADH responds to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increased osmolarity, by inserting aquaporins in late DCT and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
collecting ducts, which increases the permeability to water and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, allows for more water to be reabsorbed, decreasing blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
osmolarity, increasing blood volume, increasing blood pressure
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the two most important hormones in renal reabsorption
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and urine regulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Aldosterone and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANP
When is RAAS activated? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Decreased
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
blood pressure or Na+ deficiency in plasma, this causes an
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increase in renin release which activates the RAAS system. This
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increases Na+ reabsorption and water reabsorption in the late
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
DCT and collecting ducts
|\ |\ |\
Functions of ANP - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ANP responds to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increased blood volume and increased stretch of atria of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heart, promoting natriuresis (elevated excretion of Na+ into
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
urine). Where sodium goes, water follows, therefore there is also
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a loss of water, and a decrease in blood volume.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the most abundant cation and anion of ECF? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Na+ and Cl-
|\ |\ |\ |\
What are the most abundant cation and anion of the ICF? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔K+, proteins, and phosphates
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3 buffer systems in the body - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1) the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
carbonic acid-sodium bicarbonate buffer system, (2) the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
phosphate buffer system, and (3) the protein buffer system.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what are male gametes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sperm
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are female gametes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Secondary
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
oocytes
Embryonic period? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔From fertilization
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
through the eighth week of development
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Fetal period? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Begins at week 9 and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
continues on until birth |\ |\ |\
Describe the first trimester? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The first
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
trimester is from conception to 13 weeks. This period is very
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
critical to babies health due to the extensive oran-system
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
development, and baby is most vulnerable to teratogens. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Describe the second trimester? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔14
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
weeks to 27 weeks. Baby begins to develop human like features
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Describe the third trimester? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔28 weeks
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to 40 weeks. Rapid fetal growth, fetus doubles in weight.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Cleavage of zygote - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Mitotic division after
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fertilization
|\
,Day 1: two-cell stage
|\ |\ |\
Day 2: four-cell stage
|\ |\ |\
Day 3: eight-cell stage
|\ |\ |\ |\
Day 4: morula
|\ |\
Day 5: blastocyst
|\ |\
Day 6: Implantation in uterine wall
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
FIGURE 29.5 |\
What factors stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increased blood osmolarity(more solutes)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Decreased blood volume |\ |\
Decreased blood pressure |\ |\
Dry mouth |\
What does a decreased blood pressure stimulate in the kidneys?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Stimulates the release of renin, which
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increases angiotensin II formation, leading to increased thirst,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increased water intake, and increased blood volume, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increased blood pressure |\ |\
What are the two main solutes in extracellular fluid and in urine?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Na+ and Cl-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ADH function - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ADH responds to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increased osmolarity, by inserting aquaporins in late DCT and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
collecting ducts, which increases the permeability to water and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, allows for more water to be reabsorbed, decreasing blood
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
osmolarity, increasing blood volume, increasing blood pressure
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the two most important hormones in renal reabsorption
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and urine regulation? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Aldosterone and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANP
When is RAAS activated? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Decreased
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
blood pressure or Na+ deficiency in plasma, this causes an
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increase in renin release which activates the RAAS system. This
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increases Na+ reabsorption and water reabsorption in the late
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
DCT and collecting ducts
|\ |\ |\
Functions of ANP - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ANP responds to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
increased blood volume and increased stretch of atria of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heart, promoting natriuresis (elevated excretion of Na+ into
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
urine). Where sodium goes, water follows, therefore there is also
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
a loss of water, and a decrease in blood volume.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
What are the most abundant cation and anion of ECF? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Na+ and Cl-
|\ |\ |\ |\
What are the most abundant cation and anion of the ICF? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔K+, proteins, and phosphates
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3 buffer systems in the body - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(1) the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
carbonic acid-sodium bicarbonate buffer system, (2) the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
phosphate buffer system, and (3) the protein buffer system.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
