MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
CONCEPTS (NURS 242) Final Exam
Study Guide on Health Promotion &
Nursing Care
GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
, Health Promotion
Primary Prevention-preventive measures before onset of illness- physical fitness/
nutrition, immunizations, smoking cessation, limited alcohol use, family planning, limited
sun exposure
Secondary Prevention- preventive measures that lead to early dx/ tx- self exams, TB
screening
Tertiary Prevention- preventive measures for rehabilitation after illness- speech tx,
rehab, etc.
Ambulation Aids
Crutches
- The crutch must be 1-1 1/2 inches off of the armpit, elbows should be bent at
about 30 degrees
- Hand grips should be even
- 2 point- (move opposite)- move right crutch and left food, then move left crutch
and right foot
- 3 point- move both crutches and injured leg at same time, then move injured leg
Swing to gait- move both crutches forward, then swing both legs to match
crutches
Swing through- move both crutches, then swing both legs through and past
crutches
- 4 point- (each point moves separately)- move right crutch->left foot->left crutch-
>right foot
- Ensure Pt has gait belt and is standing in tripod position (crutches are 6”
diagonally from feet)
Stairs- GOOD UP BAD DOWN
Going up- Good leg goes up first, then crutches and bad leg follows
Going down- crutches go down first-> bad leg-> good leg follows
Sitting/ standing
Sitting- move back against chair->move both crutches onto injured side for support, grip
handgrips and slowly bend non-injured eg down towards chair while keeping injured leg
extended
Standing- crutches on injured side for support and keep injured leg extended-> push up
on non-injured side using hand grips and the crutches-> put crutches in position
Cane
Fit- handle even w/ great trochanter (wrist crease), elbow flexed at 15-30 degree angle
- Cane should be held on STRONG side of body
- Cane moves with weaker leg first, then stronger leg follows
Position tip of cane at least 4” from foot
Stairs- GOOD UP DOWN BAD
- Going up- hold cane on strong side-> move good leg onto step-> move bad leg
and cane onto step
CONCEPTS (NURS 242) Final Exam
Study Guide on Health Promotion &
Nursing Care
GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
, Health Promotion
Primary Prevention-preventive measures before onset of illness- physical fitness/
nutrition, immunizations, smoking cessation, limited alcohol use, family planning, limited
sun exposure
Secondary Prevention- preventive measures that lead to early dx/ tx- self exams, TB
screening
Tertiary Prevention- preventive measures for rehabilitation after illness- speech tx,
rehab, etc.
Ambulation Aids
Crutches
- The crutch must be 1-1 1/2 inches off of the armpit, elbows should be bent at
about 30 degrees
- Hand grips should be even
- 2 point- (move opposite)- move right crutch and left food, then move left crutch
and right foot
- 3 point- move both crutches and injured leg at same time, then move injured leg
Swing to gait- move both crutches forward, then swing both legs to match
crutches
Swing through- move both crutches, then swing both legs through and past
crutches
- 4 point- (each point moves separately)- move right crutch->left foot->left crutch-
>right foot
- Ensure Pt has gait belt and is standing in tripod position (crutches are 6”
diagonally from feet)
Stairs- GOOD UP BAD DOWN
Going up- Good leg goes up first, then crutches and bad leg follows
Going down- crutches go down first-> bad leg-> good leg follows
Sitting/ standing
Sitting- move back against chair->move both crutches onto injured side for support, grip
handgrips and slowly bend non-injured eg down towards chair while keeping injured leg
extended
Standing- crutches on injured side for support and keep injured leg extended-> push up
on non-injured side using hand grips and the crutches-> put crutches in position
Cane
Fit- handle even w/ great trochanter (wrist crease), elbow flexed at 15-30 degree angle
- Cane should be held on STRONG side of body
- Cane moves with weaker leg first, then stronger leg follows
Position tip of cane at least 4” from foot
Stairs- GOOD UP DOWN BAD
- Going up- hold cane on strong side-> move good leg onto step-> move bad leg
and cane onto step
