BIPN100 Physiology Reyes Final
questions and answers graded A+
Calcium initiates muscle contraction - correct answer ✔✔Calcium ions bind to troponin.
Conformational change causing tropomyosin to move out, myosin head binds to actin and forms
crossbridge.
Myosin head hydrolyzes ATP, moving actin to middle of sarcomere, shortening sarcomere and
contracting muscle.
Receptor subtype rule of thumb - correct answer ✔✔1/odd = excitatory
2/even = inhibitory
metabotrophic - correct answer ✔✔-G-PROTEIN pathway: slow and stays open longer
-mediated by g-protein couples receptors
-SLOW
ionotrophic - correct answer ✔✔receptor and ion channel are all in one
-fast
Lecture 17 - correct answer ✔✔Fri 5/11
Powerpoint 9 - correct answer ✔✔Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular system - correct answer ✔✔-Heart.
-Blood vessels (vasculature): Veins, arteries, and capillaries.
,-Blood: Cells and plasmas.
Apex of the Heart - correct answer ✔✔bottom of the heart.
Base of the Heart - correct answer ✔✔top of the heart.
Structure of the heart - correct answer ✔✔-two atrium and two ventricles, one on each side.
-myocardium: muscle in the heart.
-Coronary artery and veins.
Physiologist definition: Artery - correct answer ✔✔Any blood vessel that takes things away from
the heart, towards the lung.
Artery = Away
Physiologist Definition: Vein - correct answer ✔✔Blood vessel that moves things into to heart.
Ve*in* = *In*
Left Ventricle - correct answer ✔✔Pumps blood to aorta to rest of body. Higher pressure than
right.
Right Ventricle - correct answer ✔✔Pumps blood to pulmonary artery to lungs. Don't want as
much pressure as left ventricle, or else your lungs would pop.
Coronary artery - correct answer ✔✔The artery that supplies heart tissue with blood.
,Coronary vein - correct answer ✔✔Vein that drains blood from the heart muscle.
Valves - correct answer ✔✔Prevent back-flow of blood. Cause blood flow in the heart to be
unidirectional.
-Atrioventricular valves.
-Semilunar valves.
Atrioventricular valves (AV valves) - correct answer ✔✔Between the atrium and ventricle.
During ventricular contraction, the AV valves remain closed to prevent blood flow backward into
the atria.
Two of them:
-Bicuspid / mitral.
-Tricuspid.
Bicuspid/Mitral valve - correct answer ✔✔Left AV valve.
Has two flaps.
Tricuspid - correct answer ✔✔Right AV valve: separates right atrium from right ventricle.
Has three flaps.
Semilunar (Pulmonic and Aortic) valves - correct answer ✔✔between ventricles and main
arteries of each side of heart.
Prevent blood that has entered the arteries from flowing back into the ventricles during
ventricular relaxation.
, - Ventricle pressure increases a lot due to forceful contraction. Pressure in ventricle higher than
aorta/pulmonary artery: semilunar valves open. Ventricle relaxes, aorta/PA now have higher
pressure. SL valves close.
-Aortic semilunar valve.
-Pulmonic semilunar valve.
Aortic semilunar valve - correct answer ✔✔Between left ventricle and aorta.
Pulmonic semilunar valve - correct answer ✔✔Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary
artery.
Pulmonary Artery - correct answer ✔✔Only artery carrying deoxygenated blood, but it is still
called an artery because it is moving away from the heart. Takes blood from right ventricle and
sends it to the lungs.
Vena cava - correct answer ✔✔Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Superior and Inferior.
Superior Vena Cava - correct answer ✔✔Collects blood from veins in arms and head.
Inferior Vena Cava - correct answer ✔✔Collects blood from veins in lower body: chest,
abdomen, legs.
Aorta - correct answer ✔✔The main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the
circulatory system. Left ventricle pumps blood into this.
Papillary muscles - correct answer ✔✔responsible for pulling the atrioventricular valves closed
by means of the chordae tendineae.
questions and answers graded A+
Calcium initiates muscle contraction - correct answer ✔✔Calcium ions bind to troponin.
Conformational change causing tropomyosin to move out, myosin head binds to actin and forms
crossbridge.
Myosin head hydrolyzes ATP, moving actin to middle of sarcomere, shortening sarcomere and
contracting muscle.
Receptor subtype rule of thumb - correct answer ✔✔1/odd = excitatory
2/even = inhibitory
metabotrophic - correct answer ✔✔-G-PROTEIN pathway: slow and stays open longer
-mediated by g-protein couples receptors
-SLOW
ionotrophic - correct answer ✔✔receptor and ion channel are all in one
-fast
Lecture 17 - correct answer ✔✔Fri 5/11
Powerpoint 9 - correct answer ✔✔Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular system - correct answer ✔✔-Heart.
-Blood vessels (vasculature): Veins, arteries, and capillaries.
,-Blood: Cells and plasmas.
Apex of the Heart - correct answer ✔✔bottom of the heart.
Base of the Heart - correct answer ✔✔top of the heart.
Structure of the heart - correct answer ✔✔-two atrium and two ventricles, one on each side.
-myocardium: muscle in the heart.
-Coronary artery and veins.
Physiologist definition: Artery - correct answer ✔✔Any blood vessel that takes things away from
the heart, towards the lung.
Artery = Away
Physiologist Definition: Vein - correct answer ✔✔Blood vessel that moves things into to heart.
Ve*in* = *In*
Left Ventricle - correct answer ✔✔Pumps blood to aorta to rest of body. Higher pressure than
right.
Right Ventricle - correct answer ✔✔Pumps blood to pulmonary artery to lungs. Don't want as
much pressure as left ventricle, or else your lungs would pop.
Coronary artery - correct answer ✔✔The artery that supplies heart tissue with blood.
,Coronary vein - correct answer ✔✔Vein that drains blood from the heart muscle.
Valves - correct answer ✔✔Prevent back-flow of blood. Cause blood flow in the heart to be
unidirectional.
-Atrioventricular valves.
-Semilunar valves.
Atrioventricular valves (AV valves) - correct answer ✔✔Between the atrium and ventricle.
During ventricular contraction, the AV valves remain closed to prevent blood flow backward into
the atria.
Two of them:
-Bicuspid / mitral.
-Tricuspid.
Bicuspid/Mitral valve - correct answer ✔✔Left AV valve.
Has two flaps.
Tricuspid - correct answer ✔✔Right AV valve: separates right atrium from right ventricle.
Has three flaps.
Semilunar (Pulmonic and Aortic) valves - correct answer ✔✔between ventricles and main
arteries of each side of heart.
Prevent blood that has entered the arteries from flowing back into the ventricles during
ventricular relaxation.
, - Ventricle pressure increases a lot due to forceful contraction. Pressure in ventricle higher than
aorta/pulmonary artery: semilunar valves open. Ventricle relaxes, aorta/PA now have higher
pressure. SL valves close.
-Aortic semilunar valve.
-Pulmonic semilunar valve.
Aortic semilunar valve - correct answer ✔✔Between left ventricle and aorta.
Pulmonic semilunar valve - correct answer ✔✔Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary
artery.
Pulmonary Artery - correct answer ✔✔Only artery carrying deoxygenated blood, but it is still
called an artery because it is moving away from the heart. Takes blood from right ventricle and
sends it to the lungs.
Vena cava - correct answer ✔✔Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Superior and Inferior.
Superior Vena Cava - correct answer ✔✔Collects blood from veins in arms and head.
Inferior Vena Cava - correct answer ✔✔Collects blood from veins in lower body: chest,
abdomen, legs.
Aorta - correct answer ✔✔The main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the
circulatory system. Left ventricle pumps blood into this.
Papillary muscles - correct answer ✔✔responsible for pulling the atrioventricular valves closed
by means of the chordae tendineae.
