GEOL 11: PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY 2nd Year
1st Sem
LESSON 4: Minerals S.Y 2023 - 2024
minerals PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
NIHDO Hello Hello Friend Coo Coo SLayeD
-Naturally occurring
● Made by natural geologic processes Habit
-Inorganic -Shapes and aggregate
-Homogeneous solid -A single mineral can have different habits
-Definite chemical composition ● Massive
● Almost all can be expressed by a chemical ● Botryoidal
equation ○ Weird
-Ordered internal structure ● Specular
● Ordered atomic structure
● Mineraloids Hardness
○ Naturally occurring, inorganic -Resistance of mineral to abrasion or something
material that is amorphous -Moh’s Hardness Scale
■ No ordered atomic ● Tall Garden Can Flower An Open Queen
structure To Crown Dreams
○ 1 - Talc
○ 2 - Gypsum
Polymorphism ○ 2.5 - Nails
-Many forms ○ 3 - Calcite
-Ability of a specific chemical structure to ○ 3.5 - Copper penny
crystallize in more than one configuration ○ 4 - Fluorite
○ 4.5 - Wire nail
○ 5 - Apatite
MINERALS VS ROCKS ○ 5.5 - Knife
○ 6 - Orthoclase
Rocks ○ 6.5 - Steel plate
-Are more loosely defined ○ 7 - Quartz
-Any solid consisting of: ○ 8 - Topaz
● Aggregate of minerals ○ 9 - Corundum
● Pieces of preexisting minerals ○ 10 - Diamond
● Mass of mineral-like matter
○ Glass
Fracture
-Can be made up of one type of mineral
-Irregular breakages occur when bond strengths
● Limestone
in a crystal structure is equal in all directions
-Occurs as aggregates of several different
-Conchoidal fracture
minerals
● Type of fracture in volcanic glass or quartz
● Granite
○ Quartz + Feldspar + Hornblade)
-Some rocks may also be composed of nonmineral
Color
matter and organic debris -Caused by absorption, reflection, transmission,
● Obsidian refraction, scattering, and dispersion of light
● Coal -Idiomatic minerals
● Minerals that always occur in shades of
one particular color
● Diagnostic property
1st Sem
LESSON 4: Minerals S.Y 2023 - 2024
minerals PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
NIHDO Hello Hello Friend Coo Coo SLayeD
-Naturally occurring
● Made by natural geologic processes Habit
-Inorganic -Shapes and aggregate
-Homogeneous solid -A single mineral can have different habits
-Definite chemical composition ● Massive
● Almost all can be expressed by a chemical ● Botryoidal
equation ○ Weird
-Ordered internal structure ● Specular
● Ordered atomic structure
● Mineraloids Hardness
○ Naturally occurring, inorganic -Resistance of mineral to abrasion or something
material that is amorphous -Moh’s Hardness Scale
■ No ordered atomic ● Tall Garden Can Flower An Open Queen
structure To Crown Dreams
○ 1 - Talc
○ 2 - Gypsum
Polymorphism ○ 2.5 - Nails
-Many forms ○ 3 - Calcite
-Ability of a specific chemical structure to ○ 3.5 - Copper penny
crystallize in more than one configuration ○ 4 - Fluorite
○ 4.5 - Wire nail
○ 5 - Apatite
MINERALS VS ROCKS ○ 5.5 - Knife
○ 6 - Orthoclase
Rocks ○ 6.5 - Steel plate
-Are more loosely defined ○ 7 - Quartz
-Any solid consisting of: ○ 8 - Topaz
● Aggregate of minerals ○ 9 - Corundum
● Pieces of preexisting minerals ○ 10 - Diamond
● Mass of mineral-like matter
○ Glass
Fracture
-Can be made up of one type of mineral
-Irregular breakages occur when bond strengths
● Limestone
in a crystal structure is equal in all directions
-Occurs as aggregates of several different
-Conchoidal fracture
minerals
● Type of fracture in volcanic glass or quartz
● Granite
○ Quartz + Feldspar + Hornblade)
-Some rocks may also be composed of nonmineral
Color
matter and organic debris -Caused by absorption, reflection, transmission,
● Obsidian refraction, scattering, and dispersion of light
● Coal -Idiomatic minerals
● Minerals that always occur in shades of
one particular color
● Diagnostic property
