GEOL 11: PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY 2nd Year
1st Sem
LESSON 1: Introduction to Geology S.Y 2023 - 2024
DEFINITION OF GEOLOGY BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY
-ge(geo) + logia(logos) Physical Geology
Earth + study of/discourse -Examines the earth’s rocks and minerals and
-study of the earth (and other extraterrestrial seeks to understand the processes that operate
bodies), its form and composition, and the beneath or on its surface
processes it has undergone and us undergoing - -Most branches fall under this category
Lutgens & Tarbuck (2012) -Answers the question: WHAT
● Mineralogy
○ Study of minerals
GEOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE ● Petrology
○ Study of rocks
Issue of Time
● Volcanology
-When studying Geology, you can either look at it
○ Study of volcanoes and volcanic
in terms of years or dates
processes
● Short time
● Structural Geology
○ Landslide
○ Dealing with geologic structures
● Long time
and its effects/manifestations
○ Ages of the dinosaur
● Seismology
○ Study of earthquakes
Issue of Scale ● Environmental Geology
-We have different scales ○ Application of Geology in relevance
● Small vs Large scale to the environment
○ Small = small maps ● Engineering Geology
○ Large = enlarged map ○ Application of Geological sciences
● Micro vs Macro scale in civil engineering capacities
○ Micro = microscopic ● Mining Geology
○ Macro = outcrop/through the eyes ○ Using Geology to explore mineral
● Local vs Regional scale resources
○ Local = landscapes, what we see at ● Petroleum Geology
a glance ○ Gas resources
○ Regional = using maps ● Geomorphology
○ Study of the earth
Complexity of Replicating Natural Phenomena ■ Flatlands or mountainous
-It’s not enough to study or know what is areas
happening, we still need to model them ● Planetary Geology
○ Extra-terrestrial
■ We use what we learn in
Earth to interpret what we
see in other planets
Historical Geology
-Based on numerous studies, a model is made to
-The study of the origin and evolution of the Earth
replicate what happened to Asia
through time
● Made using physical manifestations
-Answers the question: HOW and WHEN
○ Steel pushing rubber to replicate
the event
1st Sem
LESSON 1: Introduction to Geology S.Y 2023 - 2024
DEFINITION OF GEOLOGY BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY
-ge(geo) + logia(logos) Physical Geology
Earth + study of/discourse -Examines the earth’s rocks and minerals and
-study of the earth (and other extraterrestrial seeks to understand the processes that operate
bodies), its form and composition, and the beneath or on its surface
processes it has undergone and us undergoing - -Most branches fall under this category
Lutgens & Tarbuck (2012) -Answers the question: WHAT
● Mineralogy
○ Study of minerals
GEOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE ● Petrology
○ Study of rocks
Issue of Time
● Volcanology
-When studying Geology, you can either look at it
○ Study of volcanoes and volcanic
in terms of years or dates
processes
● Short time
● Structural Geology
○ Landslide
○ Dealing with geologic structures
● Long time
and its effects/manifestations
○ Ages of the dinosaur
● Seismology
○ Study of earthquakes
Issue of Scale ● Environmental Geology
-We have different scales ○ Application of Geology in relevance
● Small vs Large scale to the environment
○ Small = small maps ● Engineering Geology
○ Large = enlarged map ○ Application of Geological sciences
● Micro vs Macro scale in civil engineering capacities
○ Micro = microscopic ● Mining Geology
○ Macro = outcrop/through the eyes ○ Using Geology to explore mineral
● Local vs Regional scale resources
○ Local = landscapes, what we see at ● Petroleum Geology
a glance ○ Gas resources
○ Regional = using maps ● Geomorphology
○ Study of the earth
Complexity of Replicating Natural Phenomena ■ Flatlands or mountainous
-It’s not enough to study or know what is areas
happening, we still need to model them ● Planetary Geology
○ Extra-terrestrial
■ We use what we learn in
Earth to interpret what we
see in other planets
Historical Geology
-Based on numerous studies, a model is made to
-The study of the origin and evolution of the Earth
replicate what happened to Asia
through time
● Made using physical manifestations
-Answers the question: HOW and WHEN
○ Steel pushing rubber to replicate
the event
