PN 1001/2001 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION

PN 1001/2001 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION 1. What do you find under the scope of practice? - ANSWER Individual nurse competence (responsibilities) Organizational Policies BCCNM standards, limits, conditions Regulation and Legislation 2. What is the role and function of an LPN - ANSWER - Provide nursing care under the direction of NP, RN's, or other health team members - Wound care Interview patients on current problems, medications, and allergies - Participates in patients treatment regimen such as administering medications under the supervision of a physician or RN - Strongly assess and work with clients about health promotion and illness prevention - Assess, plan, implement, and evaluate care for clients - Obtaining vital signs Verifying that patient charts are updated accurately - Observing and recording the patient's conditions and reactions to medications and treatments - Meeting with patients about past medical history and logging vital signs to create a record that will inform and guide pts care plan -An LPN may delegate tasks such as ambulating or feeding a patient to the HCA 3. What is trauma informed care? - ANSWER Is about services recognising the effects that trauma can play on a persons mental health, and providing services and support that suit the needs of someone who has experienced trauma. It is also about services learning to work with a persons strengths, rather than focusing simply on the persons mental illness 4. What is trauma therapy - ANSWER a form of talk therapy aimed at treating the emotional and mental health consequences of trauma. 5. How might someone dull the pain of trauma in ways that could be helpful - ANSWER Facing your feelings, talking through your feelings, leaning on your support system and loved ones, prioritizing self-care (such as eating properly, and getting physical activity), avoid using substances, trying to get back into a daily routine, talk to a therapist or trusted loved one, remember that the process isn't linear and that it will take time to heal yourself, get involved in meditation, get connected with your community or faith-based organizations 6. What is a trigger, and how would you recognize that someone is experiencing trauma-related distress? - ANSWER a "trigger" is a stimulus that causes a painful memory to resurface. A trigger can be any sensory reminder of the traumatic event. 7. What is Cultural competency? Using your own words, what does it mean to you? - ANSWER Overall understanding the mind, body, spirit, as well as values and beliefs of an individual as a whole, therefore empowering them and creating an open and trusting bicultural relationship with every diverse and unique client you come into contact with. 8. Why is Cultural Competency so important in healthcare today? - ANSWER As a nurse, I hold power with my badge and my knowledge. It is up to me to equalise the power imbalance and create a bicultural relationship with patients, to protect them from my own influences and judgements, because overall prejudice and bias cause a person's quality of care to diminish as a nurse, if I do not support a culture or the wider structures of society, then I am not supporting individual health. 9. barriers to practicing in a culturally competent way? - ANSWER - Lack of self-awareness including conscious and unconscious bias - Power that is not equalized therefore causing the patient self determination to diminish. - Letting your own beliefs getting in the way of getting to know your client - Assuming that you know best - Expecting compliance - Taking a paternal approach - Disrespecting non-traditional healing practices - Not keeping an open mind - Not considering the patients conflict regarding familiar belief - Not adjusting your approach - Not agreeing on the type or quality of care - Relying only on technology to identify any problems or concerns - Not considering a clients attitudes and beliefs regarding the physical exam - Not greeting the client in a culturally appropriate way - Language barrier 10. How will you ensure you are practicing cultural competence? Use specific examples related to your clients - ANSWER - Always asking if the client has any cultural preferences that I should be aware of (if so diving deeper into what their culture is and where it may cause barriers such as with eye contact or physical exams) - Asking about herbal uses - some religions like naturopathic medications and heal spiritually - so diving into that more. - Not judging or disregarding a patient's beliefs, and empowering them to do what works best for them - valuing their individuality - On my free time researching the beliefs and values of the diverse clients I interact with to gain a broader understanding 11. What is self-regulation to the nursing profession - ANSWER · a privilege granted to professions that have shown they can put the interests of the public ahead of their own professional interests. · the ability to understand and manage your behavior and your reactions to feelings and things happening around you. 12. Why is nursing a self regulated profession - ANSWER · Nurses participate in individual self-regulation when they are accountable for their practice and make appropriate decisions respecting their scope of practice and the Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses. These decisions should be based on their nursing standards, their practice context, and employer policies · it is dynamic, being able to evolve according to need; · it is adaptable, being less tightly constrained than legislation · specific based on common underlying principles 13. What are the criteria or a profession to be self-regulating - ANSWER · Essentially BCCNM the regulatory body dictates how an individual should act (Professional and Practice standards) 14. What are examples of how individual nurses participate in self regulation - ANSWER · being accountable for their own actions at all times; making appropriate decisions based on a decision making framework, practice context, and employer or Association policies, participating in their continuing competence · Basing knowledge on evidence informed practice 15. Barriers to self regulation - ANSWER incompetence, unwarranted fears, excessive self-censure, low perceived self-efficacy, social inhibitors, lack of intrinsic reinforcement, as well as inability to set goals. 16. What is the term to describe.. a capable adult's written instructions that speak directly to their health care provider about the health care treatment the adult consents to, or refuses. It is effective when the capable adult becomes incapable and only applies to the health care conditions and treatments noted in the advance directive. - ANSWER advanced directive 17. A nurse is collecting data from an infant who has severe dehydration. which of the following findings should the nurse expect? - ANSWER Weight loss of 10% 18. A nurse is assisting with the care of a 3 year old child who is prescribed a lumbar puncture. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent complications? - ANSWER Maintain the child in a flat position after the procedure. 19. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching about a low-sodium diet with the parents of child who is recovering from acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following food choices by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching? - ANSWER Apples 20. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a preschooler. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse report to the provider? - ANSWER Lead 14 mcg/dL 21. A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who is practicing Jehovah's Witness and is scheduled for surgery for a ruptured appendix. The adolescents tells the nurse that based on her religious beliefs, she cannot receive a blood transfusion. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? - ANSWER "Let's discuss the possibility of you needing a blood transfusion with your parents." 22. Controlled Substance - ANSWER drug with potential drug addiction and abuse 23. Chemical Name - ANSWER chemical formula of drug (not used as often) 24. Generic Name - ANSWER nonproprietary name given by original developer/common name used (acetaminophen/ ibuprofen) 25. Trade Name / Brand Name - ANSWER drug name chosen by manufacturer for proprietary purpose (tylenol / motrin) 26. Drug Sources - ANSWER 1) Plants (Opium poppy = Narcotic) 2) Animals (hormones) 3) Minerals (iron) 4) Laboratory synthesis (Demerol) 5) Biotechnology (hepatitis B vaccine) 27. Onset action - ANSWER the time drug reaches circulation 28. Duration action - ANSWER length of time drug in circulation before being excreted 29. Oral/P.O - ANSWER known as enteral administration, by mouth and swallowed, absorbed in intestinal tract & into circulatory system (slow onset with longer duration of action) 30. Parenteral - ANSWER by needle, IV/intravenous (immediate fastest onset of drugs action) IM/intramuscular, SC/subcutaneous (rapid onset faster than P.O) 31. Topical - ANSWER by mucous membrane - rectal, vaginally, sublingual (beneath tongue), buccal (in cheek) 32. Inhalation - ANSWER drug vaporized from liquid to gas, or comes in gas form, delivered into lungs and enters circulatory system 33. Drug Forms - ANSWER 1) Solids: powder, tablets, capsules, lozenges 2) Semisolids: suppositories, ointment, creams, gels, foams 3) Liquids: some liquids turn to gas 4) Gases: may come in tank form (oxygen and anesthetic agents Nitrous oxide) 34. Syringes - ANSWER 1) Standard: plain tip (slip tip) or Luer-loc (screw type locking) 2) Tuberculin (TB): 1ml capacity, thin small syringe 3) Irrigating: Asepto bulb syringe, ear or Toomey syringe 35. Needle Size / Gauge - ANSWER - Smaller number big diameter - Larger number smaller diameter To draw medication: 18g - 21g To inject - 22g - 30g 36. Factors that Influence Drug Action - ANSWER 1) tolerance 2) pregnancy - drugs may harm fetus 3) age smaller doses for children 4) Body weight: based on kilograms (kg) 5) Disease (liver or kidney disease) 6) Time of drug administration and following the related time direction 37. Basic Unit of Measure - ANSWER - gram (g) for smaller measure - kilograms (kg) 38. Designated personnel may accept verbal requests to change prescription administration - ANSWER False 39. Parents and students can direct schools to change medication orders - ANSWER False 40. Asthma inhalers are among the most common types of medication needed for today's students - ANSWER True 41. A nurse is discussing legal regulations regarding medical records with a newly hired assistive personnel (AP). Which of the following information should the nurse include? - ANSWER Facilities can establish their own rules for documentation methods. 42. A nurse is reviewing the documentation of a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following entries should the nurse identify as meeting the American Nurses Association (ANA) standards for documentation? - ANSWER "The client vomited 240 mL of clear emesis but denies pain or nausea." 43. A newly licensed nurse is orienting to a facility's documentation system. The facility requires staff to only document variations from an expected set of findings when performing a physical assessment. The nurse should identify this system as which of the following documentation methods? - ANSWER Charting by exception 44. A nurse is discussing the history of electronic health records (EHRs) during a staff in-service. The nurse should identify that which of the following agencies advocated for nationwide use of EHRs? - ANSWER The Institute of Medicine 45. A nurse is preparing an in-service about HIPAA. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include? - ANSWER "Personnel can be terminated for breaching a client's confidentiality." 46. A nurse is discussing computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems with staff. Which of the following statements from a staff member indicates an understanding of a CPOE system? - ANSWER "CPOE systems can increase the speed of care delivery." 47. A nurse is documenting information in a client's chart and makes the entry "client reports abdominal pain on exertion." Which of the following documentation formats describes this entry? - ANSWER The "S" in SOAP 48. A nurse is talking with a client about their electronic health record (EHR) at the facility. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of EHRs? - ANSWER "I will be able to track my health information." 49. A nurse is caring for a client following a stroke. The nurse should recognize that which of the following individuals is allowed access to the client's medical record without obtaining special consent from the client first? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER The admitting provider The charge nurse on the unit The client 50. assess for hazards - ANSWER scan area for any hazards 51. search for - ANSWER people who present danger, hazardous materials, environmental hazards 52. observe the scene - ANSWER act as medical detective, look for clues 53. if conscious and alert - ANSWER patient is best option 54. if not, bustanders are next best - ANSWER dont ignore people standing around, engage to help ascertain what problem is 55. figure out how many patients there are - ANSWER # of patients and sevierty of MOI/NOI will determine if additional units needed 56. if this is medical call - ANSWER establish that patients has airway, is breathing, and demonstrating circulation (ABC's), then determine NOI 57. if this is trauma call - ANSWER first check ABCs. THen determine MOI 58. An unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) enters the unit with artificial fingernails in place. What should the nurse explain to the UAP? 1. Pathogenic bacteria can be found on the fingertips of those who wear artificial fingernails. 2, Artificial fingernails are allowed to be worn on the unit. 3, Fungal growth can occur under the artificial fingernail, thus increasing the risk of infection to the client. 4. A more vigorous handwashing is required if artificial fingernails are worn. 5. Long fingernails and artificial fingernails increase microbial load on the hands. Select All - ANSWER 1, 3, 5 The variety and amount of pathogenic bacteria cultured from the fingertips of those wearing artificial fingernails is greater than from those with natural nails, both before and after handwashing. Fungal growth occurs frequently under artificial fingernails because moisture gets trapped between the natural fingernail and artificial fingernail, providing a medium for growth. Natural nails should be less than 1/4 inch long. 59. The nurse working in a pediatricians office is teaching a couple with small children about proper medication administration for children. What statement by the couple would indicate that further teaching is needed? 1. We should carefully measure elixir medication with the provided dropper. 2. Our children should not watch us take medicine. 3. We tell our children the medicine is candy so they will take it without a fuss. 4. Even though medicine comes in a childproof container, we will put medication out of reach. - ANSWER 3 Calling medication "candy" is inappropriate and misleading to the child. Children may take medication to eat as candy if they have access to it... 60. The nurse is performing a chart audit for clients who were restrained. For which client would the side rails in the up position be considered a restraint? 1. The client who requests that the rails be placed in the up position 2. The client who is confused and wanders about the unit. 3. The client who is ambulatory and places the side rails up without staff assistance. 4. The client who asks the family to place all the rails up before leaving. - ANSWER 2. The intent of the side rails in the up position is to limit movement; therefore, they are considered a restraint. The nurse cannot restrain or limit a client's movement without a primary healthcare provider's prescription. 61. What intervention should the nurse plan to implement when caring for a client diagnosed with measles? 1. Admit to a semi-private room with a client diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) 2. Place a surgical mask on the client when transferring to x-ray. 3. Initiate airborne precautions 4. Wear surgical mask when entering the client's room 5. Assign a nurse who has received the measles vaccine to take care of this client. Select all ` - ANSWER 2, 3, 5 If the client must leave the room, a surgical mask should be worn to prevent transmission to others. Measles can be transmitted via contact , droplet and airborne methods , so airborne precautions are needed. Healthcare providers who are not immune to measles should not care for a client with measles. 62. A new nurse enters the linen room for supplies and finds a pile of sheets on fire. What type of fire extinguisher is most appropriate for the nurse to use in this situation? 1. Foam type 2. Water only 3. Dry powder 4. Carbon dioxide - ANSWER 1. A "water only" fire extinguisher is used for Class A fires which includes solid combustibles such as wood, paper and textiles. As long as no electric