NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN (NURS
418) PEDIATRIC FINAL EXAM 3
STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATED
AND VERIFIED (with all information
you need to pass).
,Tanisha Reyes
NUR 418 01 Spring 2025
Pediatric Exam 3 Test Plan –75 Questions
Piaget cognitive ability/Erikson psychosocial
development
• Piaget: cognitive development, concrete
operations
o Use thought processes to experience events and actions.
Problem solving development
o Learns the concept of conservation
o Develop understanding of relationships between things
and ideas –volume, weight, numbers, classify collections
of nonvaluable items such as rocks, bottle caps.
o Able to make judgments based on reason
(“conceptual thinking”). Able to see another
person point of view.
• Erikson Industry vs inferiority
▪ Eager to develop skills and participate in
meaningful and socially useful work
▪ Acquire sense of personal and interpersonal
competence. Develops self-esteem
▪ Growing sense of independence
▪ Peer approval is strong motivator
▪ Relationships center around same-gender peers
o Inferiority
▪ Feelings may derive from self or social
environment
▪ May occur if incapable or unprepared to assume the responsibilities associated
with developing a sense of accomplishment
▪ All children feel some degree of inferiority regarding skill(s) they cannot master
▪ Important to learn how to deal with failure of frustration without decreasing self-
esteem or
develop a sense of inferiority.
▪ Play/Safety
• Cooperative play – cooperation with others and the
ability to contribute to a unified whole
• Involves physical skill, intellectual ability, and fantasy
• Form groups, cliques, clubs, secret societies
• Rules and rituals
• See need for rules in games they play
• Board, card, video, and computer games, and dollhouse and
other small-figure play
,Tanisha Reyes
Peer Relationships (social development)
• Importance of the peer group
• Identification with peers is a strong influence in child gaining independence from
parents. Children learn to deal with dominance and hostility. (Bullying).
• Learn how to make friends and work as as group.
• Sex roles strongly influenced by peer relationships. Same-gender peers
Injury Prevention
• Most common cause of severe injury and death in school-age children is motor
vehicle crashes— pedestrian and passenger
• Bicycle injuries—benefits
of bike helmets
• Appropriate safety equipment for all sports (helmets, pads.
• Gun safety
Adolescent – 5
Erikson/Piaget
▪ Erikson: identity vs. role confusion
▪ Early adolescent:
▪ group identity vs. alienation
▪ Development of personal
▪ identity vs. role diffusion
• Psychosocial development
• Independence
• Identity
• Peers
• Language use
• Exploration and rebellion
• Need for privacy
• Sexuality
Piaget: Cognitive Development
• Formal operations period
• Abstract thinking
• Think beyond present
• Mental manipulation of multiple variables
• Concerned about others’ thoughts and needs
• Can easily be swayed by emotion or peer pressure to choose unwisely.
, Tanisha Reyes
Peer/Family relationships
Social development
• Goal: to define identity independently from parental authority
• Much ambivalence
• Intense sociability; intense loneliness
• Acceptance by peers
Adolescent and parent
• Roles change from protection-dependency to mutual affection and equality
• Process involves turmoil and ambiguity
• Struggle of privileges and responsibility
• Emancipation from parents may begin with rejection of parents by teen
Early 11-14 – wide mood swings. Not battling with parents but think of them as less
knowing
Middle 14-17- more introspective, sulking, dating, parents are idiots.
Late 17-20 - physically mature, independent from family with less conflict, peer group
less important, individual friendship emotionally more stable.
Relationship with Peers
• Peers assume an increasingly significant role in adolescence
• Peers provide a sense of belonging and feeling of strength and power
• Peers form a transitional world between dependence and autonomy
Self-concept and body image
1. Feelings of confusion in early adolescence
2. Acute awareness of appearance, comparison of appearance
with others
3. Blemishes/defects magnified out of proportion
4. Mature to self-concept based on uniqueness/individuality
Nursing Interventions
• Provide privacy
• Interview separately from parents when possible
• Encourage participation in care and decision-making
• Encourage peer visitation
• Provide information on sexuality
418) PEDIATRIC FINAL EXAM 3
STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATED
AND VERIFIED (with all information
you need to pass).
,Tanisha Reyes
NUR 418 01 Spring 2025
Pediatric Exam 3 Test Plan –75 Questions
Piaget cognitive ability/Erikson psychosocial
development
• Piaget: cognitive development, concrete
operations
o Use thought processes to experience events and actions.
Problem solving development
o Learns the concept of conservation
o Develop understanding of relationships between things
and ideas –volume, weight, numbers, classify collections
of nonvaluable items such as rocks, bottle caps.
o Able to make judgments based on reason
(“conceptual thinking”). Able to see another
person point of view.
• Erikson Industry vs inferiority
▪ Eager to develop skills and participate in
meaningful and socially useful work
▪ Acquire sense of personal and interpersonal
competence. Develops self-esteem
▪ Growing sense of independence
▪ Peer approval is strong motivator
▪ Relationships center around same-gender peers
o Inferiority
▪ Feelings may derive from self or social
environment
▪ May occur if incapable or unprepared to assume the responsibilities associated
with developing a sense of accomplishment
▪ All children feel some degree of inferiority regarding skill(s) they cannot master
▪ Important to learn how to deal with failure of frustration without decreasing self-
esteem or
develop a sense of inferiority.
▪ Play/Safety
• Cooperative play – cooperation with others and the
ability to contribute to a unified whole
• Involves physical skill, intellectual ability, and fantasy
• Form groups, cliques, clubs, secret societies
• Rules and rituals
• See need for rules in games they play
• Board, card, video, and computer games, and dollhouse and
other small-figure play
,Tanisha Reyes
Peer Relationships (social development)
• Importance of the peer group
• Identification with peers is a strong influence in child gaining independence from
parents. Children learn to deal with dominance and hostility. (Bullying).
• Learn how to make friends and work as as group.
• Sex roles strongly influenced by peer relationships. Same-gender peers
Injury Prevention
• Most common cause of severe injury and death in school-age children is motor
vehicle crashes— pedestrian and passenger
• Bicycle injuries—benefits
of bike helmets
• Appropriate safety equipment for all sports (helmets, pads.
• Gun safety
Adolescent – 5
Erikson/Piaget
▪ Erikson: identity vs. role confusion
▪ Early adolescent:
▪ group identity vs. alienation
▪ Development of personal
▪ identity vs. role diffusion
• Psychosocial development
• Independence
• Identity
• Peers
• Language use
• Exploration and rebellion
• Need for privacy
• Sexuality
Piaget: Cognitive Development
• Formal operations period
• Abstract thinking
• Think beyond present
• Mental manipulation of multiple variables
• Concerned about others’ thoughts and needs
• Can easily be swayed by emotion or peer pressure to choose unwisely.
, Tanisha Reyes
Peer/Family relationships
Social development
• Goal: to define identity independently from parental authority
• Much ambivalence
• Intense sociability; intense loneliness
• Acceptance by peers
Adolescent and parent
• Roles change from protection-dependency to mutual affection and equality
• Process involves turmoil and ambiguity
• Struggle of privileges and responsibility
• Emancipation from parents may begin with rejection of parents by teen
Early 11-14 – wide mood swings. Not battling with parents but think of them as less
knowing
Middle 14-17- more introspective, sulking, dating, parents are idiots.
Late 17-20 - physically mature, independent from family with less conflict, peer group
less important, individual friendship emotionally more stable.
Relationship with Peers
• Peers assume an increasingly significant role in adolescence
• Peers provide a sense of belonging and feeling of strength and power
• Peers form a transitional world between dependence and autonomy
Self-concept and body image
1. Feelings of confusion in early adolescence
2. Acute awareness of appearance, comparison of appearance
with others
3. Blemishes/defects magnified out of proportion
4. Mature to self-concept based on uniqueness/individuality
Nursing Interventions
• Provide privacy
• Interview separately from parents when possible
• Encourage participation in care and decision-making
• Encourage peer visitation
• Provide information on sexuality
