NPLEX 1 EXAM LATEST
what is the blood supply of the pituitary gland?
Superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries from the internal carotid
artery
Sensory innervation of the tongue
Taste ant 2/3 Chordae tympani (VII), General anterior Lingual nerve
(CN V), Posterior 1/3 Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
what does TORCH stand for? why should you know these?
TORCH =
T - toxoplasmosis
O - other (syphillis, VZV
R - rubella
C - cytomegalovirus
H - Herpes
These are all pathogens that can cross the placenta
what structure gives rise to the placenta and urinary bladder
allantois
What is the RLE in steroid synthesis
20, 22-desmolase
what is the RLE in cholesterol synthesis
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PAGE
1
, NPLEX 1 EXAM LATEST
HMG-CoA reductase
**where statins work
what two microorganisms can lead to PID?
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea
how to differentiate measles from rubella
Koplik's spots
transplant rejection is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
type IV
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Hemi-section of the cord
- ipsilateral spastic paralysis and loss of proprioception
- contralateral loss of pain and temperature
anterior corticospinal tract
Motor pathway for ipsilateral VOLUNTARY movement
lateral corticospinal tract
the system of axons that originates in the motor cortex and terminates in
the contralateral ventral gray matter of the spinal cord; controls
movements of the extremities
Babesiosis
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PAGE
2
, NPLEX 1 EXAM LATEST
A tick-borne disease whose parasite attacks and destroys red blood cells
Complications: hemolytic anemia; ARDS
Malaria life cycle
◊ Life Cycle
• Transmitted via mosquitoes
- In sporozoite form inside bugs
◊ NO drugs can kill the sporozoites!
- Delivered into blood stream when bitten
• Travel to the liver and begin their infection there
- Become tissue hypnozoites
- May become dormant
- May reinfect the liver after spreading throughout the body
• Hypnozoites are then released into the blood stream
◊ They then attack the red blood cells
• Hypnozoites --> trophozoites --> blood schizonts/merozoites
• Schizonts then accumulate in the RBC until it bursts
◊ When the schizonts and merozoites are released, the immune reaction
END OF
PAGE
3
, NPLEX 1 EXAM LATEST
begins
• Travel throughout the body and infect other RBCs and replicate in
there
• Merozoites are asexual
• Some may become gametocytes (sexual)
◊ Gametocytes can enter a mosquito
• Produce sporozoites
• Can then infect another victim
what stain is used to identify malaria?
Giemsa stain
Hemophilia A vs Hemophilia B
A: X linked chromosome defect that hinders intrinsic pathway. Factor
VIII deficiency.
B: X linked chromosome defect that hinders factor IX formation.
what enzyme converts T4 to T3?
thyroxine 5'-deiodinase
the appendix is an extension of what anatomical structure?
cecum
END OF
PAGE
4
what is the blood supply of the pituitary gland?
Superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries from the internal carotid
artery
Sensory innervation of the tongue
Taste ant 2/3 Chordae tympani (VII), General anterior Lingual nerve
(CN V), Posterior 1/3 Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
what does TORCH stand for? why should you know these?
TORCH =
T - toxoplasmosis
O - other (syphillis, VZV
R - rubella
C - cytomegalovirus
H - Herpes
These are all pathogens that can cross the placenta
what structure gives rise to the placenta and urinary bladder
allantois
What is the RLE in steroid synthesis
20, 22-desmolase
what is the RLE in cholesterol synthesis
END OF
PAGE
1
, NPLEX 1 EXAM LATEST
HMG-CoA reductase
**where statins work
what two microorganisms can lead to PID?
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea
how to differentiate measles from rubella
Koplik's spots
transplant rejection is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
type IV
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Hemi-section of the cord
- ipsilateral spastic paralysis and loss of proprioception
- contralateral loss of pain and temperature
anterior corticospinal tract
Motor pathway for ipsilateral VOLUNTARY movement
lateral corticospinal tract
the system of axons that originates in the motor cortex and terminates in
the contralateral ventral gray matter of the spinal cord; controls
movements of the extremities
Babesiosis
END OF
PAGE
2
, NPLEX 1 EXAM LATEST
A tick-borne disease whose parasite attacks and destroys red blood cells
Complications: hemolytic anemia; ARDS
Malaria life cycle
◊ Life Cycle
• Transmitted via mosquitoes
- In sporozoite form inside bugs
◊ NO drugs can kill the sporozoites!
- Delivered into blood stream when bitten
• Travel to the liver and begin their infection there
- Become tissue hypnozoites
- May become dormant
- May reinfect the liver after spreading throughout the body
• Hypnozoites are then released into the blood stream
◊ They then attack the red blood cells
• Hypnozoites --> trophozoites --> blood schizonts/merozoites
• Schizonts then accumulate in the RBC until it bursts
◊ When the schizonts and merozoites are released, the immune reaction
END OF
PAGE
3
, NPLEX 1 EXAM LATEST
begins
• Travel throughout the body and infect other RBCs and replicate in
there
• Merozoites are asexual
• Some may become gametocytes (sexual)
◊ Gametocytes can enter a mosquito
• Produce sporozoites
• Can then infect another victim
what stain is used to identify malaria?
Giemsa stain
Hemophilia A vs Hemophilia B
A: X linked chromosome defect that hinders intrinsic pathway. Factor
VIII deficiency.
B: X linked chromosome defect that hinders factor IX formation.
what enzyme converts T4 to T3?
thyroxine 5'-deiodinase
the appendix is an extension of what anatomical structure?
cecum
END OF
PAGE
4
