Instructors may assign a portion
REVIEW SHEET
Overview of the
olB -
Skeleton: Classification and
Structure of Bones and Cartilages
vame _DOMIiNique Dawson LabTimeate 01/27/2025
Cartilages of the Skeleton
1. Using the key choices, identify each type of cartilage described (in terms of its body location or function) below.
Key: a. elastic b. fibrocartilage c. hyaline
B 1. supports the external ear 6. meniscus in a knee joint
2. between the vertebrae 7. connects the ribs to the sternum
3. forms the walls of the voice box (larynx) 8. most effective at resisting compression
4. the epiglottis 9. most springy and flexible
5. articular cartilages 10. most abundant
Classification of Bones
2. The four major anatomical classifications of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular. Which category has the least amount of
spongy bone relative to its total volume?
. Classify each of the bones in the chart below as either long, short, flat, or irregular by placing a check mark in the appropriate
w
column. Also use a check mark to indicate whether the bone is a part of the axial or the appendicular skeleton. Use Figure 8.1
as a guide.
Axial Appendicular
Long Short Flat Irregular skeleton skeleton
Sternum
Radius
Calcaneus (tarsal bone)
Parietal bone (cranial bone)
Phalanx (single bone of a digit)
Vertebra
11
,Bone Markings
4. Match the terms in column B with the appropriate description in column A.
Column A Column B
. sharp, slender process* a. condyle
N
. small rounded projection* b. crest
. narrow ridge of bone* c. epicondyle
w
. large rounded projection* d. facet
IS
structure supported on neck® e. fissure
L
armlike projection® f. foramen
o
. rounded, articular projection” g. fossa
~
narrow slitlike opening* h. head
[d
canal-like structure i. meatus
©
. round or oval opening through a bone* j. process
. shallow depression k. ramus
. air-filled cavity . sinus
N
. large, irregularly shaped projection* m. spine
w
. raised area on or above a condyle* n. trochanter
. bony projection o. tubercle
16. smooth, nearly flat articular surface’ tuberosity
©
*a site of muscle and ligament attachment
“takes part in joint formation
*a passageway for nerves or blood vessels
Gross Anatomy of the Typical Long Bone
5. Match the key terms with the descriptions.
Key: a. articular cartilage d. epiphyseal line g. periosteum
b. diaphysis e. epiphysis h. red marrow
c. endosteum f. medullary cavity
1 end portion of a long bone 5t scientific term for bone shaft
helps reduce friction at joints 6. contains yellow marrow in
adult bones
site of blood cell formation
7. growth plate remnant
two membranous sites of
osteoprogenitor cells
, Review Sheet 8 113
6. Use the key terms to identify the structures marked by leader lines in the diagrams. (Some terms are used more than once.)
Key: a. articular cartilage e. epiphyseal line i. periosteum
b. compact bone f. epiphysis j. spongy bone
c. diaphysis g. medullary cavity k. yellow bone marrow
d. endosteum h. nutrient artery
Chemical Composition of Bone
7. What is the function of the organic matrix in bone?
8. Name the important organic bone components.
9. Calcium salts form the bulk of the inorganic material in bone. What is the function of the calcium salts?
10. Baking removes from bone. Soaking bone in acid removes
REVIEW SHEET
Overview of the
olB -
Skeleton: Classification and
Structure of Bones and Cartilages
vame _DOMIiNique Dawson LabTimeate 01/27/2025
Cartilages of the Skeleton
1. Using the key choices, identify each type of cartilage described (in terms of its body location or function) below.
Key: a. elastic b. fibrocartilage c. hyaline
B 1. supports the external ear 6. meniscus in a knee joint
2. between the vertebrae 7. connects the ribs to the sternum
3. forms the walls of the voice box (larynx) 8. most effective at resisting compression
4. the epiglottis 9. most springy and flexible
5. articular cartilages 10. most abundant
Classification of Bones
2. The four major anatomical classifications of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular. Which category has the least amount of
spongy bone relative to its total volume?
. Classify each of the bones in the chart below as either long, short, flat, or irregular by placing a check mark in the appropriate
w
column. Also use a check mark to indicate whether the bone is a part of the axial or the appendicular skeleton. Use Figure 8.1
as a guide.
Axial Appendicular
Long Short Flat Irregular skeleton skeleton
Sternum
Radius
Calcaneus (tarsal bone)
Parietal bone (cranial bone)
Phalanx (single bone of a digit)
Vertebra
11
,Bone Markings
4. Match the terms in column B with the appropriate description in column A.
Column A Column B
. sharp, slender process* a. condyle
N
. small rounded projection* b. crest
. narrow ridge of bone* c. epicondyle
w
. large rounded projection* d. facet
IS
structure supported on neck® e. fissure
L
armlike projection® f. foramen
o
. rounded, articular projection” g. fossa
~
narrow slitlike opening* h. head
[d
canal-like structure i. meatus
©
. round or oval opening through a bone* j. process
. shallow depression k. ramus
. air-filled cavity . sinus
N
. large, irregularly shaped projection* m. spine
w
. raised area on or above a condyle* n. trochanter
. bony projection o. tubercle
16. smooth, nearly flat articular surface’ tuberosity
©
*a site of muscle and ligament attachment
“takes part in joint formation
*a passageway for nerves or blood vessels
Gross Anatomy of the Typical Long Bone
5. Match the key terms with the descriptions.
Key: a. articular cartilage d. epiphyseal line g. periosteum
b. diaphysis e. epiphysis h. red marrow
c. endosteum f. medullary cavity
1 end portion of a long bone 5t scientific term for bone shaft
helps reduce friction at joints 6. contains yellow marrow in
adult bones
site of blood cell formation
7. growth plate remnant
two membranous sites of
osteoprogenitor cells
, Review Sheet 8 113
6. Use the key terms to identify the structures marked by leader lines in the diagrams. (Some terms are used more than once.)
Key: a. articular cartilage e. epiphyseal line i. periosteum
b. compact bone f. epiphysis j. spongy bone
c. diaphysis g. medullary cavity k. yellow bone marrow
d. endosteum h. nutrient artery
Chemical Composition of Bone
7. What is the function of the organic matrix in bone?
8. Name the important organic bone components.
9. Calcium salts form the bulk of the inorganic material in bone. What is the function of the calcium salts?
10. Baking removes from bone. Soaking bone in acid removes
