MMSC 423 Hematology Exam 1 Latest Update
2025-2026 185 Questions and 100% Verified
Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
absorbed plasma - CORRECT ANSWER: plasma that has been passed through a
barium sulfate column
-does not contain factors II, VII, IX and X (the vitamin K dependent factors which are
found in stored plasma) because these factors which are dependent on negatively
charged VK Epoxide are attracted to negatively charged barium sulfate and are retained
in the column
alpha 1 antitrypsin - CORRECT ANSWER: inhibits thrombin and plasmin
alpha 2 antitrypsin - CORRECT ANSWER: SERPIN that inhibits plasmin
alpha 2 macroglobulin - CORRECT ANSWER: inhibits thrombin and plasmin
anticoagulants - CORRECT ANSWER: naturally occurring factors that are can be
released in the body to prevent coagulation
antihemophilic factor - CORRECT ANSWER: other name for factor VIII
antihemophilic factor disorder - CORRECT ANSWER: -hemophilia A: bleeding disorder
caused by deficiency of factor VIII
antithrombin (AT) - CORRECT ANSWER: SERPIN that degrades factors Xa, thrombin
(IIa), XIa, and IXa
APC (activated protein C) resistance - CORRECT ANSWER: ratio of 2.0 or lower
,APTT - CORRECT ANSWER: 25-35 sec
APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) - CORRECT ANSWER: test of the intrinsic
pathway
-also tests common pathway, except factor XIII
aspirin - CORRECT ANSWER: medication that is used to inhibit cyclooxygenase
enzyme
-inhibiting this enzyme makes it impossible to produce thromboxane A2, and therefore
inhibit platelet aggregation
blood separation layers - CORRECT ANSWER: unclotted blood (collected with
anticoagulant) is allowed to sit and separate, or is centrifuged and the cells and
components separate out by density
-top: plasma (55% of blood's content), least dense
-middle: buffy coat (WBCs and platelets, >1% of blood), middle density
-bottom: RBCs (45% of blood content), most dense
buffy coat - CORRECT ANSWER: the white layer of WBCs and platelets that
accumulate at the middle of separated non-clotted blood
-accounts for <1% of blood's content
-is present between the plasma and RBC layers
-if this layer is large it may indicate leukemia
calcium - CORRECT ANSWER: other name for factor IV
cell based model of coagulation - CORRECT ANSWER: -initiation: factor VII in the blood
is activated by TF released from fibroblasts and ECs, forming VIIa which forms extrinsic
,tenase complex and activates low levels of IX and X, leading to production of a small
amount of thrombin, platelets become activated via PAR 1 and PAR 2
-amplification
-propagation: more thrombin is generated, collagen binds to its receptor on platelet,
COAT platelets (collagen and thrombin) provides a surface for intrinsic tenase and
prothrombinase complexes to form, thrombin cleaves fibrinogen into soluble monomer,
FXIII stabilizes into insoluble polymer
christmas factor (plasma thromboplastin component) - CORRECT ANSWER: other
name for factor IX
christmas factor disorder - CORRECT ANSWER: -hemophilia B: sex linked recessive
bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of factor IX
clot retraction - CORRECT ANSWER: after coagulation has occured, the platelet-fibrin
mass contracts and seals the wounded blood vessels
-facilitated by thrombosthrenin, actin and myosin contractile proteins
-occurs before fibrinolysis
cofactor - CORRECT ANSWER: clotting factor that acts to enhance the activation of
another clotting factor
-bind, stabilize and enhance the activity of other clotting factors
-TF, VIII, V, HWMK
common pathway - CORRECT ANSWER: -either intrinsic or extrinsic pathway has
occured to produce factor Xa
-Xa joins with Ca + phospholipid + factor Va to form prothrombinase complex
-prothrombinase complex activates factor II to IIa (thrombin)
-IIa activates factor I to Ia (soluble fibrin monomer) which is not stable
-IIa activates factor XIII to XIIIa
, -XIIIa joins with Ca and stabilizes soluble Ia to insoluble fibrin polymer (stable fibrin clot)
contact group - CORRECT ANSWER: factors XI, XII, PK and HMWK
-all are present in absorbed plasma and serum
cyclooxygenase - CORRECT ANSWER: enzyme that is used to transform arachidonic
acid to prostaglandin endoperoxides during platelet aggregation
-aspirin inhibits this enzyme
D dimer - CORRECT ANSWER: the product of fibrin being digested by plasmin
(fibrinolysis)
-covalent D dimers were formed by actions of FXIIIa to form insoluble fibrin, which are
not degraded by plasmin
D dimer concentration - CORRECT ANSWER: 110-240 nanograms/dL of blood
elements of plasma - CORRECT ANSWER: -water: most abundant component
-proteins: e.g. haptoglobin, hemopexin
-antibodies (immunoglobulins)
-lipids: cholesterol, triglycerides
-carbohydrates: glucose
-electrolytes: K+, Cl-
-enzymes: serine proteases, transglutaminases
-vitamins: vitamin E
-hormones
-trace metals or drugs
endomitosis - CORRECT ANSWER: maturation of cells in the megakaryocytic lineage
2025-2026 185 Questions and 100% Verified
Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
absorbed plasma - CORRECT ANSWER: plasma that has been passed through a
barium sulfate column
-does not contain factors II, VII, IX and X (the vitamin K dependent factors which are
found in stored plasma) because these factors which are dependent on negatively
charged VK Epoxide are attracted to negatively charged barium sulfate and are retained
in the column
alpha 1 antitrypsin - CORRECT ANSWER: inhibits thrombin and plasmin
alpha 2 antitrypsin - CORRECT ANSWER: SERPIN that inhibits plasmin
alpha 2 macroglobulin - CORRECT ANSWER: inhibits thrombin and plasmin
anticoagulants - CORRECT ANSWER: naturally occurring factors that are can be
released in the body to prevent coagulation
antihemophilic factor - CORRECT ANSWER: other name for factor VIII
antihemophilic factor disorder - CORRECT ANSWER: -hemophilia A: bleeding disorder
caused by deficiency of factor VIII
antithrombin (AT) - CORRECT ANSWER: SERPIN that degrades factors Xa, thrombin
(IIa), XIa, and IXa
APC (activated protein C) resistance - CORRECT ANSWER: ratio of 2.0 or lower
,APTT - CORRECT ANSWER: 25-35 sec
APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) - CORRECT ANSWER: test of the intrinsic
pathway
-also tests common pathway, except factor XIII
aspirin - CORRECT ANSWER: medication that is used to inhibit cyclooxygenase
enzyme
-inhibiting this enzyme makes it impossible to produce thromboxane A2, and therefore
inhibit platelet aggregation
blood separation layers - CORRECT ANSWER: unclotted blood (collected with
anticoagulant) is allowed to sit and separate, or is centrifuged and the cells and
components separate out by density
-top: plasma (55% of blood's content), least dense
-middle: buffy coat (WBCs and platelets, >1% of blood), middle density
-bottom: RBCs (45% of blood content), most dense
buffy coat - CORRECT ANSWER: the white layer of WBCs and platelets that
accumulate at the middle of separated non-clotted blood
-accounts for <1% of blood's content
-is present between the plasma and RBC layers
-if this layer is large it may indicate leukemia
calcium - CORRECT ANSWER: other name for factor IV
cell based model of coagulation - CORRECT ANSWER: -initiation: factor VII in the blood
is activated by TF released from fibroblasts and ECs, forming VIIa which forms extrinsic
,tenase complex and activates low levels of IX and X, leading to production of a small
amount of thrombin, platelets become activated via PAR 1 and PAR 2
-amplification
-propagation: more thrombin is generated, collagen binds to its receptor on platelet,
COAT platelets (collagen and thrombin) provides a surface for intrinsic tenase and
prothrombinase complexes to form, thrombin cleaves fibrinogen into soluble monomer,
FXIII stabilizes into insoluble polymer
christmas factor (plasma thromboplastin component) - CORRECT ANSWER: other
name for factor IX
christmas factor disorder - CORRECT ANSWER: -hemophilia B: sex linked recessive
bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of factor IX
clot retraction - CORRECT ANSWER: after coagulation has occured, the platelet-fibrin
mass contracts and seals the wounded blood vessels
-facilitated by thrombosthrenin, actin and myosin contractile proteins
-occurs before fibrinolysis
cofactor - CORRECT ANSWER: clotting factor that acts to enhance the activation of
another clotting factor
-bind, stabilize and enhance the activity of other clotting factors
-TF, VIII, V, HWMK
common pathway - CORRECT ANSWER: -either intrinsic or extrinsic pathway has
occured to produce factor Xa
-Xa joins with Ca + phospholipid + factor Va to form prothrombinase complex
-prothrombinase complex activates factor II to IIa (thrombin)
-IIa activates factor I to Ia (soluble fibrin monomer) which is not stable
-IIa activates factor XIII to XIIIa
, -XIIIa joins with Ca and stabilizes soluble Ia to insoluble fibrin polymer (stable fibrin clot)
contact group - CORRECT ANSWER: factors XI, XII, PK and HMWK
-all are present in absorbed plasma and serum
cyclooxygenase - CORRECT ANSWER: enzyme that is used to transform arachidonic
acid to prostaglandin endoperoxides during platelet aggregation
-aspirin inhibits this enzyme
D dimer - CORRECT ANSWER: the product of fibrin being digested by plasmin
(fibrinolysis)
-covalent D dimers were formed by actions of FXIIIa to form insoluble fibrin, which are
not degraded by plasmin
D dimer concentration - CORRECT ANSWER: 110-240 nanograms/dL of blood
elements of plasma - CORRECT ANSWER: -water: most abundant component
-proteins: e.g. haptoglobin, hemopexin
-antibodies (immunoglobulins)
-lipids: cholesterol, triglycerides
-carbohydrates: glucose
-electrolytes: K+, Cl-
-enzymes: serine proteases, transglutaminases
-vitamins: vitamin E
-hormones
-trace metals or drugs
endomitosis - CORRECT ANSWER: maturation of cells in the megakaryocytic lineage
