NSG 3103 Final Exam Questions with
correct Answers 2025/2026 A+ Graded
100% Verified
What is a nursing theory?
A framework or set of ideas that offers insights into nursing practice, research, and policy by
guiding the understanding of facts and events.
Can nursing theories be proven?
No, they cannot be proven; instead, they provide insights and ways of understanding nursing
phenomena.
What is the main contribution of nursing theory to practice?
It offers direction for research, practice, education, and policy-making in nursing.
Define 'metaparadigm' in nursing.
The core concepts that form the foundation of nursing: Person, Environment, Health, and
Nursing.
List the 4 nursing metaparadigms.
Person, Environment, Health, Nursing.
What does the 'Person' metaparadigm refer to?
The individual receiving care, considered within their cultural, social, and environmental context.
What does the 'Environment' metaparadigm refer to?
,The physical, social, and cultural context in which the person lives.
What does the 'Health' metaparadigm refer to?
A holistic state beyond absence of disease, shaped by cultural and social context. Unity of mind,
body and soul
What does the 'Nursing' metaparadigm refer to?
The science, art, and practice discipline of providing culturally informed care to improve health
outcomes.
What are goals of nursing?
-Care of the well
-Care of the sick
-Assist with self-care
-Help individuals attain their human potential
What was the focus of nursing theory in the 19th century?
Environmental influences on health.
What was the focus of nursing theory in the 1950s?
Functional roles of nurses based on patient problems and needs.
What changed in nursing theory during the 1960s?
A shift toward the nurse-patient relationship and nursing as a process.
What defined nursing theory development in the 1970s?
The influx of middle-range theories.
,What was the focus of the 1980s in nursing theory?
Modernization of existing theories based on research findings.
What emphasis emerged in nursing theory during the 1990s?
Research and internationalization of the nursing theory movement.
What characterised nursing theory in the 2000s?
Emphasis on diversity and evidence-based practice.
Specific to academia: Profession or Discipline?
Discipline
Has a code of ethics: Profession or Discipline?
Profession
Formal training with institutions of higher education: Profession or Discipline?
Profession
What is ontology in nursing?
The study of being; asks 'what does it mean to be'.
What is an example of ontology in nursing?
Considering what it means to be a "caring nurse" or exploring the lived experience of being a
terminally ill patient.
What is epistemology in nursing?
, The study of knowledge; asks 'what does it mean to know'.
What is an example of epistemology in nursing?
Evaluating how nurses know what interventions are effective—e.g., through clinical guidelines,
intuition, or patient feedback.
What is methodology in nursing science?
The means of acquiring knowledge; asks 'how can knowledge be created'.
What is an example of methodology in nursing?
Using qualitative interviews to explore patient experiences or conducting a clinical trial to test a
new intervention.
What does empirical knowing refer to?
Scientific knowledge gained from observation, testing, and evidence-based practice.
What is an example of empirical knowing in nursing?
Using evidence-based guidelines to administer the correct dosage of medication after reviewing
recent clinical research.
What does ethical knowing refer to?
The moral component of nursing, involving value-based decision-making.
What is an example of ethical knowing in nursing?
Navigating end-of-life decisions by considering both the patient's wishes and professional
ethical codes.
correct Answers 2025/2026 A+ Graded
100% Verified
What is a nursing theory?
A framework or set of ideas that offers insights into nursing practice, research, and policy by
guiding the understanding of facts and events.
Can nursing theories be proven?
No, they cannot be proven; instead, they provide insights and ways of understanding nursing
phenomena.
What is the main contribution of nursing theory to practice?
It offers direction for research, practice, education, and policy-making in nursing.
Define 'metaparadigm' in nursing.
The core concepts that form the foundation of nursing: Person, Environment, Health, and
Nursing.
List the 4 nursing metaparadigms.
Person, Environment, Health, Nursing.
What does the 'Person' metaparadigm refer to?
The individual receiving care, considered within their cultural, social, and environmental context.
What does the 'Environment' metaparadigm refer to?
,The physical, social, and cultural context in which the person lives.
What does the 'Health' metaparadigm refer to?
A holistic state beyond absence of disease, shaped by cultural and social context. Unity of mind,
body and soul
What does the 'Nursing' metaparadigm refer to?
The science, art, and practice discipline of providing culturally informed care to improve health
outcomes.
What are goals of nursing?
-Care of the well
-Care of the sick
-Assist with self-care
-Help individuals attain their human potential
What was the focus of nursing theory in the 19th century?
Environmental influences on health.
What was the focus of nursing theory in the 1950s?
Functional roles of nurses based on patient problems and needs.
What changed in nursing theory during the 1960s?
A shift toward the nurse-patient relationship and nursing as a process.
What defined nursing theory development in the 1970s?
The influx of middle-range theories.
,What was the focus of the 1980s in nursing theory?
Modernization of existing theories based on research findings.
What emphasis emerged in nursing theory during the 1990s?
Research and internationalization of the nursing theory movement.
What characterised nursing theory in the 2000s?
Emphasis on diversity and evidence-based practice.
Specific to academia: Profession or Discipline?
Discipline
Has a code of ethics: Profession or Discipline?
Profession
Formal training with institutions of higher education: Profession or Discipline?
Profession
What is ontology in nursing?
The study of being; asks 'what does it mean to be'.
What is an example of ontology in nursing?
Considering what it means to be a "caring nurse" or exploring the lived experience of being a
terminally ill patient.
What is epistemology in nursing?
, The study of knowledge; asks 'what does it mean to know'.
What is an example of epistemology in nursing?
Evaluating how nurses know what interventions are effective—e.g., through clinical guidelines,
intuition, or patient feedback.
What is methodology in nursing science?
The means of acquiring knowledge; asks 'how can knowledge be created'.
What is an example of methodology in nursing?
Using qualitative interviews to explore patient experiences or conducting a clinical trial to test a
new intervention.
What does empirical knowing refer to?
Scientific knowledge gained from observation, testing, and evidence-based practice.
What is an example of empirical knowing in nursing?
Using evidence-based guidelines to administer the correct dosage of medication after reviewing
recent clinical research.
What does ethical knowing refer to?
The moral component of nursing, involving value-based decision-making.
What is an example of ethical knowing in nursing?
Navigating end-of-life decisions by considering both the patient's wishes and professional
ethical codes.
