ATI PN COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE-2026
PN2 Exam #2 (2026) Actual Exam
Questions and Answers A+ Graded
Study . Guide
ASTHMA
• Characterized . by . exacerbations . of . acute . airway . inflammation
• Airway .obstruction .occurs .d/t .bronchoconstriction, .mucous, .or .inflammation
.whenexposed . to .a .trigger
Clinical . Manifestations:
• High-pitched, . wheezing . lung . sounds
• Cough
• SOB
• Chest . tightness
• Worsens . at . night . or . when . triggers . are . present
Medications:
• Short .Acting= .Albuterol, .Proventil, .Ventolin
• Long .Acting= . Serevent
• Corticosteroids= . Serevent, . Advair
Education:
• Avoid . triggers
• Stop/avoid .smoking
• Teach .which .inhaler . is .rescue
Exacerbation .Interventions:
• Give . short-acting . beta . agonist
• IV . corticosteroids . depending . on . severity
• O2 .via .nasal .cannula
• High-fowler’s . position
• Calm . atmosphere
Questions:
If .a .pt. .is .having .an .asthma .attack .how .would . you .expect .it .to .affect .their .VS?
• At . first . RR . increased . then . decreased . as . attack . progresses
• Tachycardia .>120
• Decreased .BP
1
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, ATI .PN .COMPREHENSIVE .STUDY .GUIDE-2026
If . you . give . a . pt. .Albuterol, . what . type . of .side . effects . would . you . expect . to . see?
• Increased .HR
• Tremors
What .are . rescue . medications . for . Asthma?
• Short-acting . beta . agonists . (Albuterol)
EPITAXIS
• Nose . bleed .– . d/t . trauma, . allergies, . drug . use
• Most . frequent . ED . complaint
Interventions .& .Treatment:
• Anterior . portion . of . nose . = .apply . direct . pressure . for . 5-10 . while . leaning . forward
• Apply .silver .nitrate
• Apply .lidocaine/ep . with . cotton . pledge .for .5-10 .minutes
• Nasal .packing .for .2-5 .days
• Educate . on . prevention . – . Vaseline, . humidifiers
2
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, ATI .PN .COMPREHENSIVE .STUDY .GUIDE-2026
COPD
3
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, ATI .PN .COMPREHENSIVE .STUDY .GUIDE-2026
• Chronic . obstructive . pulmonary . disease . – . emphysema . & . chronic . bronchitis
• Causes= . air . pollution, . occupation, . smoking
Primary . Symptoms:
• Cough
• Sputum . production
• DOE .– . Dyspnea .On .Exertion
Clinical . Manifestations:
• Wheezes . or . crackles . heard . in . lungs
• Prolonged . expiratory . phase
• Distant .heart .sounds
• Orthopneic . position
• Barrel .chest
• Use .of .accessory . muscles
• Weight . loss . (dyspnea . with . eating)
• Late . phase= . clubbing . to . nails, . right-sided . HF, . chronic . cyanosis
Medications:
• Avoid .frequent .use .of .cough .suppressants .(antitussives) .because .coughing
.is .a . protective .mechanism
• Limit . narcotic . use . d/t . respiratory . depression . can . worsen . hypercapnia
• Beta-Adrenergic .Agonists: . Albuterol, .formoterol
• Anticholinergics: .Atrovent, .Spiriva
• Corticosteroids: . short . course . only
• Methylxanthines: . Theophylline . (limited)
Interventions . & . Education:
• Pursed-lipped . breathing
• Controlled . coughing
• Controlled . O2 . therapy . (1-2 . L)
• Low . sodium . diet
• Diaphragmic . breathing
• Conserve .energy
• Small . frequent . meals
• Increase . fluids
4
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PN2 Exam #2 (2026) Actual Exam
Questions and Answers A+ Graded
Study . Guide
ASTHMA
• Characterized . by . exacerbations . of . acute . airway . inflammation
• Airway .obstruction .occurs .d/t .bronchoconstriction, .mucous, .or .inflammation
.whenexposed . to .a .trigger
Clinical . Manifestations:
• High-pitched, . wheezing . lung . sounds
• Cough
• SOB
• Chest . tightness
• Worsens . at . night . or . when . triggers . are . present
Medications:
• Short .Acting= .Albuterol, .Proventil, .Ventolin
• Long .Acting= . Serevent
• Corticosteroids= . Serevent, . Advair
Education:
• Avoid . triggers
• Stop/avoid .smoking
• Teach .which .inhaler . is .rescue
Exacerbation .Interventions:
• Give . short-acting . beta . agonist
• IV . corticosteroids . depending . on . severity
• O2 .via .nasal .cannula
• High-fowler’s . position
• Calm . atmosphere
Questions:
If .a .pt. .is .having .an .asthma .attack .how .would . you .expect .it .to .affect .their .VS?
• At . first . RR . increased . then . decreased . as . attack . progresses
• Tachycardia .>120
• Decreased .BP
1
1/38
, ATI .PN .COMPREHENSIVE .STUDY .GUIDE-2026
If . you . give . a . pt. .Albuterol, . what . type . of .side . effects . would . you . expect . to . see?
• Increased .HR
• Tremors
What .are . rescue . medications . for . Asthma?
• Short-acting . beta . agonists . (Albuterol)
EPITAXIS
• Nose . bleed .– . d/t . trauma, . allergies, . drug . use
• Most . frequent . ED . complaint
Interventions .& .Treatment:
• Anterior . portion . of . nose . = .apply . direct . pressure . for . 5-10 . while . leaning . forward
• Apply .silver .nitrate
• Apply .lidocaine/ep . with . cotton . pledge .for .5-10 .minutes
• Nasal .packing .for .2-5 .days
• Educate . on . prevention . – . Vaseline, . humidifiers
2
2/38
, ATI .PN .COMPREHENSIVE .STUDY .GUIDE-2026
COPD
3
3/38
, ATI .PN .COMPREHENSIVE .STUDY .GUIDE-2026
• Chronic . obstructive . pulmonary . disease . – . emphysema . & . chronic . bronchitis
• Causes= . air . pollution, . occupation, . smoking
Primary . Symptoms:
• Cough
• Sputum . production
• DOE .– . Dyspnea .On .Exertion
Clinical . Manifestations:
• Wheezes . or . crackles . heard . in . lungs
• Prolonged . expiratory . phase
• Distant .heart .sounds
• Orthopneic . position
• Barrel .chest
• Use .of .accessory . muscles
• Weight . loss . (dyspnea . with . eating)
• Late . phase= . clubbing . to . nails, . right-sided . HF, . chronic . cyanosis
Medications:
• Avoid .frequent .use .of .cough .suppressants .(antitussives) .because .coughing
.is .a . protective .mechanism
• Limit . narcotic . use . d/t . respiratory . depression . can . worsen . hypercapnia
• Beta-Adrenergic .Agonists: . Albuterol, .formoterol
• Anticholinergics: .Atrovent, .Spiriva
• Corticosteroids: . short . course . only
• Methylxanthines: . Theophylline . (limited)
Interventions . & . Education:
• Pursed-lipped . breathing
• Controlled . coughing
• Controlled . O2 . therapy . (1-2 . L)
• Low . sodium . diet
• Diaphragmic . breathing
• Conserve .energy
• Small . frequent . meals
• Increase . fluids
4
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