BIO 203 EXAM 4 PURDUE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2025
, explain how the autonomic and somatic nervous systems differ in form and function -
ANSWERANS- Motor nervous system that controls glands, cardiac and smooth muscle.
Involuntary and visceral reflexes/ actions.
explain how the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system differ in general
function. - ANSWERParasympathetic- Rest and Digest (calms body)
Sympathetic- Fight or Flight (excites body)
identify the anatomical components and nerve pathways of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions - ANSWERParasympathetic- (craniosacral) Long
preganglionic axons, short postganglionic axons.
Sympathetic- (thoracolumbar) Short preganglionic axons, long postganglionic axons. (3
pathways)
discuss the relationship of the adrenal glands to the sympathetic nervous system -
ANSWER2 parts:
Adrenal Cortex- secretes steroid hormones, outer most layer
Adrenal Medulla- (sympathetic ganglion) secretes hormones epinephrine and
norepinephrine into the bloodstream
describe the enteric nervous system of the digestive tract and explain its significance -
ANSWERNervous system of digestive tract. Does not arise at spinal cord or brainstem
but still innervates smooth muscles and glands of digestive tract.
name the neurotransmitters employed at different synapses of the ANS -
ANSWERAcetylcholine (ACh)- secreted by all preganglionic neurons in both
parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions and postganglionic neurons in
parasympathetic division.
Norepinephrine (NE)- secreted by nearly all postganglionic neurons in sympathetic
division with exception of sweat glands (ACh)
name the receptors for these neurotransmitters and explain how they relate to
autonomic effects - ANSWERCholinergic Receptors- any nerve that secretes ACh
2 types:
-Nicotinic receptors- on all postganglionic neurons, excitatory
-Muscarinic receptors- on all cardiac and smooth muscle, both excite and inhibit
Adrenergic Receptors- any nerve that secretes NE
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
2025
, explain how the autonomic and somatic nervous systems differ in form and function -
ANSWERANS- Motor nervous system that controls glands, cardiac and smooth muscle.
Involuntary and visceral reflexes/ actions.
explain how the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system differ in general
function. - ANSWERParasympathetic- Rest and Digest (calms body)
Sympathetic- Fight or Flight (excites body)
identify the anatomical components and nerve pathways of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions - ANSWERParasympathetic- (craniosacral) Long
preganglionic axons, short postganglionic axons.
Sympathetic- (thoracolumbar) Short preganglionic axons, long postganglionic axons. (3
pathways)
discuss the relationship of the adrenal glands to the sympathetic nervous system -
ANSWER2 parts:
Adrenal Cortex- secretes steroid hormones, outer most layer
Adrenal Medulla- (sympathetic ganglion) secretes hormones epinephrine and
norepinephrine into the bloodstream
describe the enteric nervous system of the digestive tract and explain its significance -
ANSWERNervous system of digestive tract. Does not arise at spinal cord or brainstem
but still innervates smooth muscles and glands of digestive tract.
name the neurotransmitters employed at different synapses of the ANS -
ANSWERAcetylcholine (ACh)- secreted by all preganglionic neurons in both
parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions and postganglionic neurons in
parasympathetic division.
Norepinephrine (NE)- secreted by nearly all postganglionic neurons in sympathetic
division with exception of sweat glands (ACh)
name the receptors for these neurotransmitters and explain how they relate to
autonomic effects - ANSWERCholinergic Receptors- any nerve that secretes ACh
2 types:
-Nicotinic receptors- on all postganglionic neurons, excitatory
-Muscarinic receptors- on all cardiac and smooth muscle, both excite and inhibit
Adrenergic Receptors- any nerve that secretes NE
