BIO 1100 A&P THEORY EXAM 1 (GALEN
COLLEGE OF NURSING). COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
LATEST 2025/2026 SUMMER | GRADED A
What is regional anatomy?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Study of interrelationships of all the structures in a specific body region
EX. abdomen
What is systemic anatomy?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>The study of the structures that make up a discrete body system
What are enzyme proteins?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Biological catalysts
Lower the activation energy, increase the speed of a reaction (millions of reactions per minute$
Often Mamés for the reaction they catalyze;
Usuallly end in -ASE (hydrolases, oxidases)
What is protein denaturation?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Shape change and disruption of active sites die to environmental
changes (decreased PH or increased temperature)
Reversible if normal conditions are restored
Irreversible is extreme changes damage the structure beyond repair (Cooking an egg)
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Superimposed on secondary structure. Alpha helices and beta sheets
are folded up to form a compact globular molecule held together by intermolecular bonds.
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>A hemoglobin molecule
What is a fibrous (structural) protein?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Strand like, water insoluble, and stable
Made up of keratin, elastin, collagen, and certain contractile fibers
What are neutral solutions?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Ph of 7 contains equal numbers of H+ and OH-
,How is pH regulated?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>by kidneys, lungs, and chemical buffers
A slight change in ph. can be fatal
Ph change interferes with cell function and may damage living tissue
Why is acidity important?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>H+ are looking for electrons to balance out
They will attack other molecules to get these electronsWhen other molecules lose electrons,
their structures may decompose
Ex. Hemoglobin will denature if H+ is too high
What is neutralization?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>HCL + NaOh -> H2O + NaCl
What are buffers?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Mixture of compounds that resist Ph changes
It converts strong (completely disassociated) acids of bases into weak (slightly disassociated)
ones
-Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate system
example of a buffer
-CORRECT ANSWER>>H2CO3 (H+donor weak acid) response to rise in Ph ———> Hco3- (
H+ acceptor) ( weak base )+ H+ proton
What is a globular (functional) protein?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Compact, spherical, water-soluble and sensitive time environmental
changes Specific functional regions (active sites)
Antibodies, hormones, molecular chaperones and enzymes
What are molecular chaperones (chaperonins) of protein?
-CORRECT ANSWER>> Ensure quick and accurate folding and association of proteins.
Assist translocation of proteins and ions across membranes
Promote breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins
Help trigger the immune response
Produced in response to stressful stimuli EG o2 deprivation
What are the 4 common functions of all living things?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Movement
, Nucleic acids
-CORRECT ANSWER>>DNA and RNA
Different sugars - ribose and deoxy brose
Number is strands
Different in bases RNA uracil
DNA thymine
high energy phosphate bond
-CORRECT ANSWER>>The bond between two phosphates in an ADP or ATP molecule that
readily releases its energy for cellular processes
What is the function of ATP?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Phosphorylation:
Terminal phosphates are enzymatically transferred to and energize other molecules. Such
"primed" molecules perform cellular work (life processes) using the phosphate bond energy.
What is homeostasis?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
What are the six levels of structural organization?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
What is the chemical level?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>atoms combine to form molecules
What is the cellular level?
A variety of molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of a body cell
What is the tissue level?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>A community of similar cells form a body tissue
What is developmental anatomy?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>The changes the body goes through in life. Which includes
differentiation in which i specialized cells become specialized in structure and function to
perform certain tasks in the body
When is brain damage likely without oxygen?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>4-7 minutes
What is a nutrient?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>A substance in foods and beverages that is essential to human
COLLEGE OF NURSING). COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
LATEST 2025/2026 SUMMER | GRADED A
What is regional anatomy?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Study of interrelationships of all the structures in a specific body region
EX. abdomen
What is systemic anatomy?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>The study of the structures that make up a discrete body system
What are enzyme proteins?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Biological catalysts
Lower the activation energy, increase the speed of a reaction (millions of reactions per minute$
Often Mamés for the reaction they catalyze;
Usuallly end in -ASE (hydrolases, oxidases)
What is protein denaturation?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Shape change and disruption of active sites die to environmental
changes (decreased PH or increased temperature)
Reversible if normal conditions are restored
Irreversible is extreme changes damage the structure beyond repair (Cooking an egg)
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Superimposed on secondary structure. Alpha helices and beta sheets
are folded up to form a compact globular molecule held together by intermolecular bonds.
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>A hemoglobin molecule
What is a fibrous (structural) protein?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Strand like, water insoluble, and stable
Made up of keratin, elastin, collagen, and certain contractile fibers
What are neutral solutions?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Ph of 7 contains equal numbers of H+ and OH-
,How is pH regulated?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>by kidneys, lungs, and chemical buffers
A slight change in ph. can be fatal
Ph change interferes with cell function and may damage living tissue
Why is acidity important?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>H+ are looking for electrons to balance out
They will attack other molecules to get these electronsWhen other molecules lose electrons,
their structures may decompose
Ex. Hemoglobin will denature if H+ is too high
What is neutralization?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>HCL + NaOh -> H2O + NaCl
What are buffers?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Mixture of compounds that resist Ph changes
It converts strong (completely disassociated) acids of bases into weak (slightly disassociated)
ones
-Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate system
example of a buffer
-CORRECT ANSWER>>H2CO3 (H+donor weak acid) response to rise in Ph ———> Hco3- (
H+ acceptor) ( weak base )+ H+ proton
What is a globular (functional) protein?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Compact, spherical, water-soluble and sensitive time environmental
changes Specific functional regions (active sites)
Antibodies, hormones, molecular chaperones and enzymes
What are molecular chaperones (chaperonins) of protein?
-CORRECT ANSWER>> Ensure quick and accurate folding and association of proteins.
Assist translocation of proteins and ions across membranes
Promote breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins
Help trigger the immune response
Produced in response to stressful stimuli EG o2 deprivation
What are the 4 common functions of all living things?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Movement
, Nucleic acids
-CORRECT ANSWER>>DNA and RNA
Different sugars - ribose and deoxy brose
Number is strands
Different in bases RNA uracil
DNA thymine
high energy phosphate bond
-CORRECT ANSWER>>The bond between two phosphates in an ADP or ATP molecule that
readily releases its energy for cellular processes
What is the function of ATP?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>Phosphorylation:
Terminal phosphates are enzymatically transferred to and energize other molecules. Such
"primed" molecules perform cellular work (life processes) using the phosphate bond energy.
What is homeostasis?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
What are the six levels of structural organization?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
What is the chemical level?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>atoms combine to form molecules
What is the cellular level?
A variety of molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of a body cell
What is the tissue level?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>A community of similar cells form a body tissue
What is developmental anatomy?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>The changes the body goes through in life. Which includes
differentiation in which i specialized cells become specialized in structure and function to
perform certain tasks in the body
When is brain damage likely without oxygen?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>4-7 minutes
What is a nutrient?
-CORRECT ANSWER>>A substance in foods and beverages that is essential to human
