ASU BIO 201. Unit 1. Anatomy and
Physiology
Anatomy - answer the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one
another
Physiology - answer the study of the function of the body's structural machinery
Levels of Organization - answer from most complex to least complex:
organism - organ systems - organs - tissues - cells
Organ Systems - answer Integumentary, Muscular, Skeletal, Endocrine, Nervous,
Reproductive, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic/Immune, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary
Anatomical Variation - answer30% anatomically variant
Characteristics of Life - answer Development, reproduction, evolution, cellular
composition, responsiveness and movement
Metabolism - answerAll the chemical reactions that occur in the body (anabolic and
catabolic)
Homeostasis - answerthe ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in
an ever-changing outside world
Negative Feedback Loop - answerBody senses a change and activates mechanisms to
reverse it (dynamic equilibrium) ex - vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Positive Feedback - answerSelf-amplifying cycle, lead to
General Orientation to Human Anatomy - answeranatomical position, planes of section,
directional terms, regions of the body, body cavities and membranes
Anatomical Position - answerPerson stands erect, feet flat on floor, arms at sides, palms
eyes and face facing forward, standard frame of reference for anatomical descriptions
and dissection
Anatomical Planes - answerPlanes are imaginary flat surfaces passing through the
body, sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane
Frontal Plane - answerCoronal plane, divides body into front and back portions
, Sagittal Plane - answerdivides body into right and left halves (para-sagittal: divides the
body into right and left portions, mid-sagittal: divides the body into equal right and left
halves)
Transverse Plane - answerHorizontal plane, divides the body into upper and lower
portions
Inferior - answerbelow
Superior - answerabove (toward the head)
Lateral - answeraway from the midline
Medial - answertoward the midline
Distal - answerfarther from the origin of a body part
Proximal - answercloser to the origin of a body part
Superficial - answertoward the body surface
Ventral - answertoward the front or belly
Deep - answeraway from the body surface
Dorsal - answertoward the back or spine
Anterior - answertoward the ventral side
Ipsilateral - answeron the same side of the body
Posterior - answertoward the dorsal side
Contralateral - answeron opposite side of the body
Body regions - answerAxial and Appendicular regions
Axial region - answerhead, neck (cervical region), and trunk (thoracic and abdominal)
Appendicular region - answerupper (brachial, antebrachial, carpal, manual, digits) and
lower limbs (femoral, crus, tarsus, pes, and digits)
Cephalic - answerhead
Facial - answerface
Physiology
Anatomy - answer the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one
another
Physiology - answer the study of the function of the body's structural machinery
Levels of Organization - answer from most complex to least complex:
organism - organ systems - organs - tissues - cells
Organ Systems - answer Integumentary, Muscular, Skeletal, Endocrine, Nervous,
Reproductive, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic/Immune, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary
Anatomical Variation - answer30% anatomically variant
Characteristics of Life - answer Development, reproduction, evolution, cellular
composition, responsiveness and movement
Metabolism - answerAll the chemical reactions that occur in the body (anabolic and
catabolic)
Homeostasis - answerthe ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in
an ever-changing outside world
Negative Feedback Loop - answerBody senses a change and activates mechanisms to
reverse it (dynamic equilibrium) ex - vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Positive Feedback - answerSelf-amplifying cycle, lead to
General Orientation to Human Anatomy - answeranatomical position, planes of section,
directional terms, regions of the body, body cavities and membranes
Anatomical Position - answerPerson stands erect, feet flat on floor, arms at sides, palms
eyes and face facing forward, standard frame of reference for anatomical descriptions
and dissection
Anatomical Planes - answerPlanes are imaginary flat surfaces passing through the
body, sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane
Frontal Plane - answerCoronal plane, divides body into front and back portions
, Sagittal Plane - answerdivides body into right and left halves (para-sagittal: divides the
body into right and left portions, mid-sagittal: divides the body into equal right and left
halves)
Transverse Plane - answerHorizontal plane, divides the body into upper and lower
portions
Inferior - answerbelow
Superior - answerabove (toward the head)
Lateral - answeraway from the midline
Medial - answertoward the midline
Distal - answerfarther from the origin of a body part
Proximal - answercloser to the origin of a body part
Superficial - answertoward the body surface
Ventral - answertoward the front or belly
Deep - answeraway from the body surface
Dorsal - answertoward the back or spine
Anterior - answertoward the ventral side
Ipsilateral - answeron the same side of the body
Posterior - answertoward the dorsal side
Contralateral - answeron opposite side of the body
Body regions - answerAxial and Appendicular regions
Axial region - answerhead, neck (cervical region), and trunk (thoracic and abdominal)
Appendicular region - answerupper (brachial, antebrachial, carpal, manual, digits) and
lower limbs (femoral, crus, tarsus, pes, and digits)
Cephalic - answerhead
Facial - answerface
