BIO 201 Exam 3
What composes the muscular system? - answer Skeletal muscles only
What is the study of the muscular system called? - answer Myology
What are the 4 functions of muscles? - answer1. Movement
2. Stability
3. Control of body openings and passages
4. Heat production
Muscular movements also serve various roles in ______________. - answer
Communication
Describe stability. - answer Prevents unwanted movements, there are some muscles
known as the antigravity muscles that fight against gravity that help us not fall over or
slump.
What percent of body heat is produced by skeletal muscles? - answer85%
What is the endomysium layer? - answerThin sleeve of loose connective tissue that
surrounds each muscle fiber.
The endomysium layer provides room for two things, what are they? - answer1. Blood
capillaries
2. Nerve fibers
The endomysium also provides an __________ ______________ environment for the
muscle fiber. - answerextracellular chemical
Relate the endomysium tissue and excitation. - answerExcitation of the muscle fiber
depends on exchange of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions across the endomysial
tissue and the nerve end.
What is the perimysium layer? - answerThicker connective tissue sheath that wraps
muscle fibers together in bundles called fassicles.
What are fassicles? - answerBundles of muscle fibers together
Are fassicles visible to the naked eye, and if so what do they look like? - answerYes
fassicles are visible to the naked eye, and they appear as parallel strands.
, What does the perimysium carry? - answerLarger blood vessels, larger nerves, and
muscle spindles
What is the epimysium layer? - answerThe fibrous sheath that surrounds the entire
muscle
What is the fascia? - answerSheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring
muscles or muscle groups from each other and from the subcutaneous tissue.
What are the two types of muscle attachments? - answer1. Indirect
2. Direct
What is an indirect attachment? - answerThe muscle ends short of its bony destination
and the gap is bridged by a tendon.
What is a tendon? - answerFibrous band or sheet
What is direct attachment? - answerThere is so little separation between muscle and
bone that to the naked eye, the red muscular tissue seems to emerge directly from the
bone.
What is the origin? - answerThe bony site of attachment at the relatively stationary end.
What is the insertion? - answerAttachment site at its more mobile end
What is the belly? - answerThe thicker middle region between the origin and insertion.
What is the prime mover (agonist)? - answerThe muscle that produces most of the force
during a particular joint action.
What is the synergist? - answerMuscle that aids the prime mover.
What is the antagonist? - answerA muscle that opposes the prime mover, limits the
speed or range of the prime mover.
What is a fixator? - answerA muscle that prevents a bone from moving.
What is an intrinsic muscle? - answerIs entirely contained within a particular region,
having both its origin and insertion there.
What is an extrinsic muscle? - answerActs upon a designated region but it's origin is
elsewhere.
Example: Some movements in the fingers are produced in the forearm (Extrinsic
muscles)
What composes the muscular system? - answer Skeletal muscles only
What is the study of the muscular system called? - answer Myology
What are the 4 functions of muscles? - answer1. Movement
2. Stability
3. Control of body openings and passages
4. Heat production
Muscular movements also serve various roles in ______________. - answer
Communication
Describe stability. - answer Prevents unwanted movements, there are some muscles
known as the antigravity muscles that fight against gravity that help us not fall over or
slump.
What percent of body heat is produced by skeletal muscles? - answer85%
What is the endomysium layer? - answerThin sleeve of loose connective tissue that
surrounds each muscle fiber.
The endomysium layer provides room for two things, what are they? - answer1. Blood
capillaries
2. Nerve fibers
The endomysium also provides an __________ ______________ environment for the
muscle fiber. - answerextracellular chemical
Relate the endomysium tissue and excitation. - answerExcitation of the muscle fiber
depends on exchange of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions across the endomysial
tissue and the nerve end.
What is the perimysium layer? - answerThicker connective tissue sheath that wraps
muscle fibers together in bundles called fassicles.
What are fassicles? - answerBundles of muscle fibers together
Are fassicles visible to the naked eye, and if so what do they look like? - answerYes
fassicles are visible to the naked eye, and they appear as parallel strands.
, What does the perimysium carry? - answerLarger blood vessels, larger nerves, and
muscle spindles
What is the epimysium layer? - answerThe fibrous sheath that surrounds the entire
muscle
What is the fascia? - answerSheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring
muscles or muscle groups from each other and from the subcutaneous tissue.
What are the two types of muscle attachments? - answer1. Indirect
2. Direct
What is an indirect attachment? - answerThe muscle ends short of its bony destination
and the gap is bridged by a tendon.
What is a tendon? - answerFibrous band or sheet
What is direct attachment? - answerThere is so little separation between muscle and
bone that to the naked eye, the red muscular tissue seems to emerge directly from the
bone.
What is the origin? - answerThe bony site of attachment at the relatively stationary end.
What is the insertion? - answerAttachment site at its more mobile end
What is the belly? - answerThe thicker middle region between the origin and insertion.
What is the prime mover (agonist)? - answerThe muscle that produces most of the force
during a particular joint action.
What is the synergist? - answerMuscle that aids the prime mover.
What is the antagonist? - answerA muscle that opposes the prime mover, limits the
speed or range of the prime mover.
What is a fixator? - answerA muscle that prevents a bone from moving.
What is an intrinsic muscle? - answerIs entirely contained within a particular region,
having both its origin and insertion there.
What is an extrinsic muscle? - answerActs upon a designated region but it's origin is
elsewhere.
Example: Some movements in the fingers are produced in the forearm (Extrinsic
muscles)
