BIO 201 Exam 4
Rostral - answer toward the nose
Caudal - answer toward the tail
Major portions of the brain - answer Brain stem, Cerebrum, cerebellum
Cerebrum is ___% of brain volume - answer83
Cerebellum contains ___% of the neurons - answer50
The brain weighs ___ pounds - answer3.5
Longitudinal Fissure - answerseparates 2 cerebral hemispheres (left/right)
Central Sulcus - answerSeparates frontal & parietal lobe
Gyri - answerfolds
Sulci - answergrooves
cortex - answersurface layer of gray matter
nuclei - answerdeeper masses of gray matter
tracts - answerbundles of axons
gray matter - answerneuron cell bodies, dendrites & synapses
-forms cortex over cerebrum & cerebellum
-forms nuclei deep with in brain
white matter - answerbundles of axons
-forms tracts that connect parts of the brain
Meninges - answerDura Mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Dura mater - answeroutermost, tough membrane
-outer periosteal layer against bone
-inner meningeal layer
-subdural space (below dura mater)
-where separated from inner meningeal layer forms dural venous sinusesdraining blood
from brain
,supportive structures formed by dura mater - answerfalx cerebri, falx cerebelli &
tentorium cerebelli
Arachnoid mater - answerspider web filamentous layer
Pia mater - answera thin vascular layer adherent to contours of brain
Meningitis - answerInflammation of the meninges
-bacterial & virus invasion of the CNS by way of the nose & throat
-signs: high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness & intense headache which could lead to coma
-diagnose by examining the CSF fluid for bacteria
Lumbar puncture - answer(spinal tap) check spinal fluid
-draws fluid from subarachnoid space between two lumbar vertebrae
Lateral ventricles - answerfound inside the cerebral hemispheres
Third ventricle - answersingle vertical space under corpus callosum
Cerebral aqueduct - answerruns through the midbrain (connects 3rd & 4th ventricle)
Central canal - answerruns down through spinal cord
Ventricles - answerInternal chambers within the CNS
-lined with ependymal cells & containing choroid plexus of capillaries that produce CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid - answerclear liquid that fills ventricles & canals & bathes in its
external surface (in subarachnoid space)
The brain produces & absorbs ___ml/day of CSF - answer500
Functions of CSF - answerBuoyancy: floats brain so its neutrally buoyant
Protection: cushions from hitting inside of skull
Chemical stability: rinses away wastes
CSF escapes from ___ to surround the brain & is absorbed by ___ into venous sinus -
answer4th ventricle/ arachnoid villi
Circumventricular organs... - answer...in 3rd & 4th ventricles are breaks in the barrier
where blood has direct access
-monitoring of glucose, pH, osmolarity & other variations
-allows route for HIV to invade the brain
Blood-brain & Blood-CSF barriers - answerTightly joined endothelium
-permeable to lipid-soluble materials (alcohol, nicotine, O2, CO2 & anesthetics)
, Hindbrain - answerMedulla Oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata - answercontains cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory & reflex centers
which adjust heart rate but also control coughing & sneezing, etc.
-3 cm extension of spinal cord
-ascending & descending nerve tracts
-Nuclei of sensory & motor nerves (IX,X,XI,XII)
Cardiac Center (Medulla) - answeradjusts heart rate & force
Vasomotor Center (Medulla) - answeradjusts blood vessel diameter
Respiratory Center (Medulla) - answercontrols rate & depth of breathing
Reflex Center (Medulla) - answercoughing, sneezing, gagging, swallowing, vomiting,
salivation, sweating, movements of tongue & head
Pons - answerBulge in the brainstem
-Rostral to the medulla
-Ascending sensory tracts, descending motor tracks
-pathways in & out of cerebellum
-nuclei concerned with sleep, hearing, balance, taste, eye movements, facial
expression, facial sensation, respiration, swallowing, bladder control & posture (CN V,
VI, VII, VIII)
Cerebellum - answerEvaluates sensory input (spatial perception), timekeeping center
(predicts movements of objects), distinguish pitch & similar sounding words, planning &
scheduling tasks.
-helps learn motor skills (memory)
-Sits atop the 4th ventricle
Cerebellar penduncles - answerConnects cerebellum to the brainstem
Arbor vitae - answer"tree of life" white matter visible in sagittal section of cerebellum
Vermis - answerconnect left & right hemispheres of cerebellum
Folia - answerParallel surface folds on cerebellum made up of gray matter
-all of output comes from deep gray nuclei
Midbrain - answerconnects hindbrain & forebrain
-conducts signal up & down the brainstem & contains nuclei involved in motor control,
pain, visual attention & auditory reflexes. (CN III, IV)
Tegmentum (midbrain) - answerconnects to cerebellum
Rostral - answer toward the nose
Caudal - answer toward the tail
Major portions of the brain - answer Brain stem, Cerebrum, cerebellum
Cerebrum is ___% of brain volume - answer83
Cerebellum contains ___% of the neurons - answer50
The brain weighs ___ pounds - answer3.5
Longitudinal Fissure - answerseparates 2 cerebral hemispheres (left/right)
Central Sulcus - answerSeparates frontal & parietal lobe
Gyri - answerfolds
Sulci - answergrooves
cortex - answersurface layer of gray matter
nuclei - answerdeeper masses of gray matter
tracts - answerbundles of axons
gray matter - answerneuron cell bodies, dendrites & synapses
-forms cortex over cerebrum & cerebellum
-forms nuclei deep with in brain
white matter - answerbundles of axons
-forms tracts that connect parts of the brain
Meninges - answerDura Mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Dura mater - answeroutermost, tough membrane
-outer periosteal layer against bone
-inner meningeal layer
-subdural space (below dura mater)
-where separated from inner meningeal layer forms dural venous sinusesdraining blood
from brain
,supportive structures formed by dura mater - answerfalx cerebri, falx cerebelli &
tentorium cerebelli
Arachnoid mater - answerspider web filamentous layer
Pia mater - answera thin vascular layer adherent to contours of brain
Meningitis - answerInflammation of the meninges
-bacterial & virus invasion of the CNS by way of the nose & throat
-signs: high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness & intense headache which could lead to coma
-diagnose by examining the CSF fluid for bacteria
Lumbar puncture - answer(spinal tap) check spinal fluid
-draws fluid from subarachnoid space between two lumbar vertebrae
Lateral ventricles - answerfound inside the cerebral hemispheres
Third ventricle - answersingle vertical space under corpus callosum
Cerebral aqueduct - answerruns through the midbrain (connects 3rd & 4th ventricle)
Central canal - answerruns down through spinal cord
Ventricles - answerInternal chambers within the CNS
-lined with ependymal cells & containing choroid plexus of capillaries that produce CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid - answerclear liquid that fills ventricles & canals & bathes in its
external surface (in subarachnoid space)
The brain produces & absorbs ___ml/day of CSF - answer500
Functions of CSF - answerBuoyancy: floats brain so its neutrally buoyant
Protection: cushions from hitting inside of skull
Chemical stability: rinses away wastes
CSF escapes from ___ to surround the brain & is absorbed by ___ into venous sinus -
answer4th ventricle/ arachnoid villi
Circumventricular organs... - answer...in 3rd & 4th ventricles are breaks in the barrier
where blood has direct access
-monitoring of glucose, pH, osmolarity & other variations
-allows route for HIV to invade the brain
Blood-brain & Blood-CSF barriers - answerTightly joined endothelium
-permeable to lipid-soluble materials (alcohol, nicotine, O2, CO2 & anesthetics)
, Hindbrain - answerMedulla Oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata - answercontains cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory & reflex centers
which adjust heart rate but also control coughing & sneezing, etc.
-3 cm extension of spinal cord
-ascending & descending nerve tracts
-Nuclei of sensory & motor nerves (IX,X,XI,XII)
Cardiac Center (Medulla) - answeradjusts heart rate & force
Vasomotor Center (Medulla) - answeradjusts blood vessel diameter
Respiratory Center (Medulla) - answercontrols rate & depth of breathing
Reflex Center (Medulla) - answercoughing, sneezing, gagging, swallowing, vomiting,
salivation, sweating, movements of tongue & head
Pons - answerBulge in the brainstem
-Rostral to the medulla
-Ascending sensory tracts, descending motor tracks
-pathways in & out of cerebellum
-nuclei concerned with sleep, hearing, balance, taste, eye movements, facial
expression, facial sensation, respiration, swallowing, bladder control & posture (CN V,
VI, VII, VIII)
Cerebellum - answerEvaluates sensory input (spatial perception), timekeeping center
(predicts movements of objects), distinguish pitch & similar sounding words, planning &
scheduling tasks.
-helps learn motor skills (memory)
-Sits atop the 4th ventricle
Cerebellar penduncles - answerConnects cerebellum to the brainstem
Arbor vitae - answer"tree of life" white matter visible in sagittal section of cerebellum
Vermis - answerconnect left & right hemispheres of cerebellum
Folia - answerParallel surface folds on cerebellum made up of gray matter
-all of output comes from deep gray nuclei
Midbrain - answerconnects hindbrain & forebrain
-conducts signal up & down the brainstem & contains nuclei involved in motor control,
pain, visual attention & auditory reflexes. (CN III, IV)
Tegmentum (midbrain) - answerconnects to cerebellum
