BIO 201 Lecture Exam 1
How are anatomy and physiology related? - answer Anatomy is the study of the internal
and external parts of the body.
Physiology is how living organisms perform their vital functions.
List and describe the specialties of anatomy. - answer Gross anatomy/macroscopic
anatomy examines large, visible structures:
-surface anatomy: exterior feat.
-regional anatomy: body areas
Systematic anatomy: groups of organs working together (skeletal system)
-Developmental anatomy:from egg to maturity
-clinical anatomy: medical specialties(surgical anatomy)
Microscopic anatomy examines cells and molecules:
-cytology: cells and their structures
-histology: tissues and their structures
List and describe the specialties of physiology - answer-Cell physiology: processes
within and between cells
-Organ physiology: functions of specific
-Systemic physiology: functions of an organ system
-Pathological physiology: effects of diseases
Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain
how they're related. - answerChemical-cellular-tissue-organ-system-organism.
Define metabolism. - answerthe chemical reactions occurring in the cells and tissues of
the body
Compare and contrast catabolism with anabolism. Use examples to help understand the
differences. - answerCatabolism: tearing down; decomposition of complex molecules
within the body's cells or tissues(breaking down glucose)
Anabolism: building up; synthesis of new molecules within the body's cells or tissues
Define homeostasis and explain its importance - answeris the property of a system in
which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively
constant.
Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic regulation. Use examples to help
understand the difference - answerIntrinsic regulation: autoregulation
-levels decrease at a tissue
,Extrinsic regulation: more distant regulation
-during exercise
List and describe the three control systems involved in maintaining homeostasis -
answerReceptor (sensor)
-respond to changes in the environment
-sends info to control center
Control Center (intergrator)
-determines set point
-analyzes info
-determines appropriate response
Effector
-provides a means for response to the stimulus
Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback. Use examples to help explain
each. - answerNegative feedback:
-includes homeostatic control mechanisms
-shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity once balance in the body is
reached
Positive feedback:
-increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
-in the body this only occurs in blood clotting and birth of a baby
Describe a person in anatomical position - answerhands at sides
palms facing forward
feet together
on back
Define Anterior - answerthe front side
Define posterior - answerthe back side
Define lateral - answerfarther away from body
Define medial - answerclose to body
Define proximal - answercloser to body-in terms of arm would be shoulder
Define distal - answerfarther from body-in terms of arm would be fingers
Define superficial - answertoward or at the body surface
Define deep - answeraway from the body surface
, Define intermediate - answerIn between
Ventral is the same as _______ when describing a region on a human. -
answeranterior/the front side
Dorsal is the same as ________ when describing a region on a human. -
answerposterior/the back side
Cranial is the same as ________ - answerskull area
Caudal is the same as ________ - answertail bone area
Describe a human in supine position - answerlying with the front or face and hands
facing up
Describe a human in prone position - answerlying with the front or face down and hands
facing upward
List the three anatomical planes/sections - answersagittal
midsagittal
frontal
transverse
What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants? - answerright upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left upper quadrant
left lower quadrant
What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions? - answerright hypochondriac region
right lumbar region
right inguinal region
left hypochondriac region
left lumbar region
left inguinal region
epigastric region
umbilical region
hypogastric region(pubic)
Identify the major organs located in each of the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants. -
answerRUQ liver, gallbladder, large and small intestine.
RLQ appendix
LUQ stomach, spleen
LLQ urinary bladder
Identify the major organs located in each of the 9 abdominopelvic regions. - answerRHR
none
How are anatomy and physiology related? - answer Anatomy is the study of the internal
and external parts of the body.
Physiology is how living organisms perform their vital functions.
List and describe the specialties of anatomy. - answer Gross anatomy/macroscopic
anatomy examines large, visible structures:
-surface anatomy: exterior feat.
-regional anatomy: body areas
Systematic anatomy: groups of organs working together (skeletal system)
-Developmental anatomy:from egg to maturity
-clinical anatomy: medical specialties(surgical anatomy)
Microscopic anatomy examines cells and molecules:
-cytology: cells and their structures
-histology: tissues and their structures
List and describe the specialties of physiology - answer-Cell physiology: processes
within and between cells
-Organ physiology: functions of specific
-Systemic physiology: functions of an organ system
-Pathological physiology: effects of diseases
Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain
how they're related. - answerChemical-cellular-tissue-organ-system-organism.
Define metabolism. - answerthe chemical reactions occurring in the cells and tissues of
the body
Compare and contrast catabolism with anabolism. Use examples to help understand the
differences. - answerCatabolism: tearing down; decomposition of complex molecules
within the body's cells or tissues(breaking down glucose)
Anabolism: building up; synthesis of new molecules within the body's cells or tissues
Define homeostasis and explain its importance - answeris the property of a system in
which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively
constant.
Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic regulation. Use examples to help
understand the difference - answerIntrinsic regulation: autoregulation
-levels decrease at a tissue
,Extrinsic regulation: more distant regulation
-during exercise
List and describe the three control systems involved in maintaining homeostasis -
answerReceptor (sensor)
-respond to changes in the environment
-sends info to control center
Control Center (intergrator)
-determines set point
-analyzes info
-determines appropriate response
Effector
-provides a means for response to the stimulus
Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback. Use examples to help explain
each. - answerNegative feedback:
-includes homeostatic control mechanisms
-shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity once balance in the body is
reached
Positive feedback:
-increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
-in the body this only occurs in blood clotting and birth of a baby
Describe a person in anatomical position - answerhands at sides
palms facing forward
feet together
on back
Define Anterior - answerthe front side
Define posterior - answerthe back side
Define lateral - answerfarther away from body
Define medial - answerclose to body
Define proximal - answercloser to body-in terms of arm would be shoulder
Define distal - answerfarther from body-in terms of arm would be fingers
Define superficial - answertoward or at the body surface
Define deep - answeraway from the body surface
, Define intermediate - answerIn between
Ventral is the same as _______ when describing a region on a human. -
answeranterior/the front side
Dorsal is the same as ________ when describing a region on a human. -
answerposterior/the back side
Cranial is the same as ________ - answerskull area
Caudal is the same as ________ - answertail bone area
Describe a human in supine position - answerlying with the front or face and hands
facing up
Describe a human in prone position - answerlying with the front or face down and hands
facing upward
List the three anatomical planes/sections - answersagittal
midsagittal
frontal
transverse
What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants? - answerright upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left upper quadrant
left lower quadrant
What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions? - answerright hypochondriac region
right lumbar region
right inguinal region
left hypochondriac region
left lumbar region
left inguinal region
epigastric region
umbilical region
hypogastric region(pubic)
Identify the major organs located in each of the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants. -
answerRUQ liver, gallbladder, large and small intestine.
RLQ appendix
LUQ stomach, spleen
LLQ urinary bladder
Identify the major organs located in each of the 9 abdominopelvic regions. - answerRHR
none
