Bio 201 Unit 1
Anatomy - answer Study of structure or form of human body
Physiology - answer Study of body's functions
Characteristics of Life/processes carried out by living organisms - answer-
responsiveness to the environment;
-growth and change;
-ability to reproduce;
-have a metabolism and breathe;
-maintain homeostasis;
-being made of cells;
Describe the major structural levels of organization in the human body. -
answer*Chemical-Smallest, atoms to molecules
*Cell-Formed by molecules
*Tissue-2 or more cell types combine for common function
*Organ-2 or more tissue types for common function
*Organ System-2 or more organs carry out broad function
*Organism-Organ systems functioning together
Define the types of anatomy - answer*Systemic-Examines body look at individual organ
systems
*Regional-Divides body into regions
*Surface-Study surface markings of body
*Gross-Examines structures seen by unaided eyes
*Microscopic-Structures only seen by microscope
Define the types of physiology - answer-Subfields classified by the organs or organ
systems being studied
*Neurophysiology-Studies brain and nerves
*Cardiophysiology-Studies heart and blood vessels
Describe the principle of homeostasis - answerMaintenance of internal environment. To
prevent imbalance.
Describe the components of a feedback loop and explain the function of each
component - answerThe three common components are a receptor, control center, and
effector.
*Receptor-Detects the stimulus
*Control center-Stimulus is sent here, Determine that variable is outside the set point
*Effector-Cause responses that return variable back to homeostatic range
, Describe how structure and function are related. - answerThe form of a structure is
always such that it best suits its function. (form follows function)
Define the term gradient - answerGradient-present any time more of something exists in
one area than another where two areas are connected.
Give examples of the types of gradients that drive processes in the body. -
answer*Temperature gradient-Heat flows down thermal gradients
*Concentration gradient-Chemicals flow down
*Pressure gradient
*Electrical gradient-charged particles flow down
Describe how cells communicate with one another - answerChemical messengers or
electrical signals; one cell triggers a response from another cell.
State why such communication is necessary in a multicellular organism. -
answerRequired to coordinate body functions
histology - answerThe study of tissues
Compare and contrast the general features of the four major tissue types - answer
Define extracellular matrix. - answer*Its composed of substances in a liquid, thick gel, or
solid that surrounds cells of tissue.
*Consists of a ground substance and protein fibers
ECM (Extracellular matrix) functions. - answer*Provides tissue with strength to resist
stretching
*Directs cells to their proper positions within a tissue and holds those cell in place
*Regulates development, mitotic activity, and survival of cells in a tissue
Define ground substance and describe its components. - answer*It makes up most of
the ECM and consists of extracellular fluid (ECF)
*The components include water, nutrients, ions, and three families of macromolecules.
Describe proteins in the ECM - answer*Glycosaminoglycans
*Cell-Adhesion Molecules
*Proteoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) - answer*Ions create concentration gradients within ECF,
draws water out of cells and blood vessels by osmosis.
*"traps" water in ECM and helps it resist compression
Cell-Adhesion Molecules (CAMS) - answer*Made of different types of glycoproteins
Anatomy - answer Study of structure or form of human body
Physiology - answer Study of body's functions
Characteristics of Life/processes carried out by living organisms - answer-
responsiveness to the environment;
-growth and change;
-ability to reproduce;
-have a metabolism and breathe;
-maintain homeostasis;
-being made of cells;
Describe the major structural levels of organization in the human body. -
answer*Chemical-Smallest, atoms to molecules
*Cell-Formed by molecules
*Tissue-2 or more cell types combine for common function
*Organ-2 or more tissue types for common function
*Organ System-2 or more organs carry out broad function
*Organism-Organ systems functioning together
Define the types of anatomy - answer*Systemic-Examines body look at individual organ
systems
*Regional-Divides body into regions
*Surface-Study surface markings of body
*Gross-Examines structures seen by unaided eyes
*Microscopic-Structures only seen by microscope
Define the types of physiology - answer-Subfields classified by the organs or organ
systems being studied
*Neurophysiology-Studies brain and nerves
*Cardiophysiology-Studies heart and blood vessels
Describe the principle of homeostasis - answerMaintenance of internal environment. To
prevent imbalance.
Describe the components of a feedback loop and explain the function of each
component - answerThe three common components are a receptor, control center, and
effector.
*Receptor-Detects the stimulus
*Control center-Stimulus is sent here, Determine that variable is outside the set point
*Effector-Cause responses that return variable back to homeostatic range
, Describe how structure and function are related. - answerThe form of a structure is
always such that it best suits its function. (form follows function)
Define the term gradient - answerGradient-present any time more of something exists in
one area than another where two areas are connected.
Give examples of the types of gradients that drive processes in the body. -
answer*Temperature gradient-Heat flows down thermal gradients
*Concentration gradient-Chemicals flow down
*Pressure gradient
*Electrical gradient-charged particles flow down
Describe how cells communicate with one another - answerChemical messengers or
electrical signals; one cell triggers a response from another cell.
State why such communication is necessary in a multicellular organism. -
answerRequired to coordinate body functions
histology - answerThe study of tissues
Compare and contrast the general features of the four major tissue types - answer
Define extracellular matrix. - answer*Its composed of substances in a liquid, thick gel, or
solid that surrounds cells of tissue.
*Consists of a ground substance and protein fibers
ECM (Extracellular matrix) functions. - answer*Provides tissue with strength to resist
stretching
*Directs cells to their proper positions within a tissue and holds those cell in place
*Regulates development, mitotic activity, and survival of cells in a tissue
Define ground substance and describe its components. - answer*It makes up most of
the ECM and consists of extracellular fluid (ECF)
*The components include water, nutrients, ions, and three families of macromolecules.
Describe proteins in the ECM - answer*Glycosaminoglycans
*Cell-Adhesion Molecules
*Proteoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) - answer*Ions create concentration gradients within ECF,
draws water out of cells and blood vessels by osmosis.
*"traps" water in ECM and helps it resist compression
Cell-Adhesion Molecules (CAMS) - answer*Made of different types of glycoproteins
