1. Question :
During a stress response, the Th1 response is suppressed by which hormone?
Student Answer:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Cortisol
Prolactin
Growth hormone
Instructor Stress can activate an excessive immune response and, through cortisol and catecholamines,
Explanation: suppress the Th1 response, causing a Th2 shift. This response is not active by any of the other
options.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 2. Question :
The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to:
Student Answer:
Tag pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and
macrophages
Process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be
created for acquired immunity
Destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms
Promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation
Instructor C3b adheres to the surface of a pathogenic microorganism and serves as an efficient
Explanation: opsonin. Opsonins are molecules that tag microorganisms for destruction by cells of the
inflammatory system, primarily neutrophils and macrophages. The other options do not
accurately describe the function of opsonization related to the complement cascade.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 3. Question :
Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?
, Student Answer:
The immune response is similar each time it is activated.
The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it.
The immune response to a specific pathogen is short term.
The immune response is innate rather than acquired.
Instructor Unlike inflammation, which is nonspecifically activated by cellular damage and pathogenic
Explanation: microorganisms, the immune response is primarily designed to afford long-term specific
protection (i.e., immunity) against particular invading microorganisms; that is, it has
a memory function. The other options are not unique characteristics of the immune response.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 4. Question :
The release of which cytokines is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, cancer,
or tissue injury, which, in turn, initiate a stress response?
Student Answer:
IL-1 and IL-2
IL-12, tumor necrotic factor–alpha (TNF-α), and colony-stimulating factor), and colony-stimulating factor
IFN, tumor necrotic factor–beta (TNF-β), and IL-6), and IL-6
IL-4 and IL-24
Instructor Of the options offered, only the release of immune inflammatory mediators IL-6, TNF-β), and IL-6, and
Explanation: IFN is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, cancer, and tissue injury that, in turn, initiates
a stress response through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway.
Points Received: 0 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 5. Question :
A reduction in an individual’s number of NK cells appears to correlate with an
increased risk for the development of:
Student Answer:
Depression
Type 1 diabetes
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)
Instructor A meta-analysis of studies shows a relationship between depression and the reduction in
Explanation: lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity. Currently, no research supports the
other options.
During a stress response, the Th1 response is suppressed by which hormone?
Student Answer:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Cortisol
Prolactin
Growth hormone
Instructor Stress can activate an excessive immune response and, through cortisol and catecholamines,
Explanation: suppress the Th1 response, causing a Th2 shift. This response is not active by any of the other
options.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 2. Question :
The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to:
Student Answer:
Tag pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and
macrophages
Process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be
created for acquired immunity
Destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms
Promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation
Instructor C3b adheres to the surface of a pathogenic microorganism and serves as an efficient
Explanation: opsonin. Opsonins are molecules that tag microorganisms for destruction by cells of the
inflammatory system, primarily neutrophils and macrophages. The other options do not
accurately describe the function of opsonization related to the complement cascade.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 3. Question :
Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?
, Student Answer:
The immune response is similar each time it is activated.
The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it.
The immune response to a specific pathogen is short term.
The immune response is innate rather than acquired.
Instructor Unlike inflammation, which is nonspecifically activated by cellular damage and pathogenic
Explanation: microorganisms, the immune response is primarily designed to afford long-term specific
protection (i.e., immunity) against particular invading microorganisms; that is, it has
a memory function. The other options are not unique characteristics of the immune response.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 4. Question :
The release of which cytokines is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, cancer,
or tissue injury, which, in turn, initiate a stress response?
Student Answer:
IL-1 and IL-2
IL-12, tumor necrotic factor–alpha (TNF-α), and colony-stimulating factor), and colony-stimulating factor
IFN, tumor necrotic factor–beta (TNF-β), and IL-6), and IL-6
IL-4 and IL-24
Instructor Of the options offered, only the release of immune inflammatory mediators IL-6, TNF-β), and IL-6, and
Explanation: IFN is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, cancer, and tissue injury that, in turn, initiates
a stress response through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway.
Points Received: 0 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 5. Question :
A reduction in an individual’s number of NK cells appears to correlate with an
increased risk for the development of:
Student Answer:
Depression
Type 1 diabetes
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)
Instructor A meta-analysis of studies shows a relationship between depression and the reduction in
Explanation: lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity. Currently, no research supports the
other options.
