Pharmacology exam 1 Lourdes CRNA
1. pharmacology: study of effect of chemicals on living tissue
- has many subdivisions
2. pharmacokinetis: study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
- what body does to drug
3. pharmaceutics: the formulation and preparation of drugs.
4. pharmacoeconomics: study of economic impact of drugs
5. toxicology: study of harmful effects of chemicals
6. pharmacognosy: study of medicinal uses of naturally occurring compounds - drugs from a plant
7. pharmacy: preparation and dispensing of drugs
8. pharmacogenetics: genetic influences by and on drugs
9. pharmacodynamics: physiological and biochemical mechanism of action of drugs
- what drug does to body
10. pharmacogenomics: identifies discrete genetic differences among individuals that play a critical role in drug response
11. pharmacoepidemiology: study of the use and effects of drugs on large groups of people
12. if give a drug and HR goes down to 40 this is an example of: pharmacodynamic effect
13. if give a drug and liver metabolizes 80% of it this is an example of: pharmacokinetic effect
14. receptor theory: pharmacodynamics
- dug receptor is macromolecular complex which acts as site of action for a drug
- are usually proteins involved in production of normal cellular function
- ex. lock and key --> stereospecificity --> must have right shape and size for ligand to fit in receptor
15. cant have a receptor without an: endogenous chemical
16. receptors are normally made up of: proteins
17. Ligand: chemical substances that bind to specific receptor
, 18. 2 types of ligands: 1) agonist
2) antagonist
19. agonist: bind to a receptor and Stimulate the function that receptor serves - mimics action of endogenous ligand
(such as hormone or neurotransmitter) that binds to same receptor
20. antagonist: bind to a receptor and block the function that receptor serves - has affinity for receptor but no efficacy
21 competitive binding: reversible (most drugs)
- ex: morphine vs narcan
22. noncompetitive binding: nonreversible
- ex: aspirin
23. allosteric agonist (activators): enhance signal, respectively, by binding to allosteric sites that influence signal
transmission
-binds to one site but works somewhere else
24. allosteric antagonist: blocks signal, respectively, by binding to allosteric sites that influence signal transmission
25. ED50: Effective dose in 50% of population
26. TD50: Toxic dose in 50% of population
27. LD50: Lethal dose in 50% of population
28. LD50/ED50: Therapeutic Index
29. TD50/ED50: Therapeutic window
30. therapeutic window: (aka pharmaceutical window) index for estimation of drug dosage which can treat disease
effectively while staying within the safety range
- ratio between minimum effective concentrations to minimum toxic concentration
31. chemical bonds: ordered from strongest to weakest: 1) covalent (strongest) 2) Ionic
3) hydrogen
4) hydrophobic
5) Van der Waals (weakest)
32. Dose Response curve shape: sigmoidal
33. Dose response curve allows you to determine 4 things:: 1) Affinity (potency) 2) Efficacy (how effective drug is)
3) Variability (might be slight difference depending on day)
4) Slope (margin of safety)
1. pharmacology: study of effect of chemicals on living tissue
- has many subdivisions
2. pharmacokinetis: study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
- what body does to drug
3. pharmaceutics: the formulation and preparation of drugs.
4. pharmacoeconomics: study of economic impact of drugs
5. toxicology: study of harmful effects of chemicals
6. pharmacognosy: study of medicinal uses of naturally occurring compounds - drugs from a plant
7. pharmacy: preparation and dispensing of drugs
8. pharmacogenetics: genetic influences by and on drugs
9. pharmacodynamics: physiological and biochemical mechanism of action of drugs
- what drug does to body
10. pharmacogenomics: identifies discrete genetic differences among individuals that play a critical role in drug response
11. pharmacoepidemiology: study of the use and effects of drugs on large groups of people
12. if give a drug and HR goes down to 40 this is an example of: pharmacodynamic effect
13. if give a drug and liver metabolizes 80% of it this is an example of: pharmacokinetic effect
14. receptor theory: pharmacodynamics
- dug receptor is macromolecular complex which acts as site of action for a drug
- are usually proteins involved in production of normal cellular function
- ex. lock and key --> stereospecificity --> must have right shape and size for ligand to fit in receptor
15. cant have a receptor without an: endogenous chemical
16. receptors are normally made up of: proteins
17. Ligand: chemical substances that bind to specific receptor
, 18. 2 types of ligands: 1) agonist
2) antagonist
19. agonist: bind to a receptor and Stimulate the function that receptor serves - mimics action of endogenous ligand
(such as hormone or neurotransmitter) that binds to same receptor
20. antagonist: bind to a receptor and block the function that receptor serves - has affinity for receptor but no efficacy
21 competitive binding: reversible (most drugs)
- ex: morphine vs narcan
22. noncompetitive binding: nonreversible
- ex: aspirin
23. allosteric agonist (activators): enhance signal, respectively, by binding to allosteric sites that influence signal
transmission
-binds to one site but works somewhere else
24. allosteric antagonist: blocks signal, respectively, by binding to allosteric sites that influence signal transmission
25. ED50: Effective dose in 50% of population
26. TD50: Toxic dose in 50% of population
27. LD50: Lethal dose in 50% of population
28. LD50/ED50: Therapeutic Index
29. TD50/ED50: Therapeutic window
30. therapeutic window: (aka pharmaceutical window) index for estimation of drug dosage which can treat disease
effectively while staying within the safety range
- ratio between minimum effective concentrations to minimum toxic concentration
31. chemical bonds: ordered from strongest to weakest: 1) covalent (strongest) 2) Ionic
3) hydrogen
4) hydrophobic
5) Van der Waals (weakest)
32. Dose Response curve shape: sigmoidal
33. Dose response curve allows you to determine 4 things:: 1) Affinity (potency) 2) Efficacy (how effective drug is)
3) Variability (might be slight difference depending on day)
4) Slope (margin of safety)
