MILADY FOUNDATIONS FINAL PAPER 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Acquired immunity - ✔✔immunity that is developed after overcoming a disease,
through inoculation (such as flu vaccinations) or through exposure to natural allergens
(such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed)
✔✔Vitamin E - ✔✔Helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's UV light
✔✔Natural immunity - ✔✔Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through
healthy living
✔✔Antibiotics - ✔✔Substances that kill or slow the growth of bacteria and other
microorganisms
✔✔Vitamin c - ✔✔an important substance needed for proper repair of the skin and
tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skin's dermal tissues; aids in and
promotes the skin's healing process
✔✔Nutrition - ✔✔The processes involved in taking in nutrients and assimilating and
utilizing them
✔✔Water - ✔✔Makes up 50 to 70 percent of the body's weight and is necessary for
virtually every function of the cells and body
✔✔Fats - ✔✔Nutrients needed for many body functions, including hormones, sebum
production, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K
✔✔Allergies - ✔✔Hypersensitivity disorders of the immune system
✔✔Vitamins - ✔✔nutrients required for many body functions to occur, including normal
metabolism
✔✔Immunity - ✔✔The ability of the body to resist and destroy pathogens and respond
to infection
✔✔Patch test - ✔✔A test for identifying a possible allergy in a client; also known as a
predisposition test
✔✔Vitamin D - ✔✔Enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element
needed for proper bone development and maintenance. Vitamin D also promotes rapid
healing of the skin
,✔✔Ergonomics - ✔✔The science of designing the workplace as well as its equipment
and tools to make specific body movements more comfortable, efficient, and safe
✔✔Porous - ✔✔Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings; porous
items are absorbent
✔✔Pathogenic disease - ✔✔disease produced by organisms, including bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and parasites
✔✔Cleaning - ✔✔a mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent
and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs. Cleaning
also removes invisible debris that interfere with disinfection. Cleaning is what
cosmetologists are required to do before disinfecting
✔✔Fungi - ✔✔Single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses and include molds,
mildews, and yeasts; they can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm
✔✔Occupational disease - ✔✔Illness resulting from conditions associated with
employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or
ingredients
✔✔Nonpathogenic - ✔✔Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions
and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm
✔✔Standard precautions - ✔✔Are guidelines published by the CDC that require the
employer and employee to assume that any human blood and body fluids are potentially
infectious
✔✔Communicable - ✔✔Also to be communicated; transferable by contact from one
person to another as in a communicable disease
✔✔Direct transmission - ✔✔Transmission of pathogens through touching (including
shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking
✔✔Human papillomavirus - ✔✔Abbreviated HPV; virus that can infect the bottom of the
foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups; also a cutaneous viral
infection commonly contracted through sexual transmission and exhibited by genital
warts
✔✔Herpes simplex virus - ✔✔An inflammatory disease of the skin caused by a viral
infection and characterized by small vesicles in clusters
✔✔Infection control - ✔✔The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of
infectious organisms from one individual to another
, ✔✔Bacteria - ✔✔Single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal
characteristics; some bacteria are harmful, some are harmless
✔✔Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - ✔✔Abbreviated AIDS; a disease that breaks
down the body's immune system; AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)
✔✔Efficacy - ✔✔The ability of a product to produce the intended effect; on a
disinfectant label, it indicates specific pathogens destroyed or disabled when used
properly
✔✔Diagnosis - ✔✔Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or
diagnostic tests; federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a
diagnosis
✔✔Asymptomatic - ✔✔Showing no symptoms or signs of infection
✔✔Ringworm - ✔✔A fungal infection of the skin that appears in circular lesions
✔✔Contamination - ✔✔The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood
or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface, or visible debris or residues
such as dust, hair, and skin.
✔✔Microorganism - ✔✔Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size
✔✔Inflammation - ✔✔A condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or
infection, characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling
✔✔infection - ✔✔The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens
✔✔methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - ✔✔abbreviated MRSA; a type of
infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics
✔✔pediculosis capitis - ✔✔Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice
✔✔systemic infection - ✔✔An infection where the pathogen has distributed throughout
the body rather than staying in one area or organ
✔✔Bacterial spores - ✔✔Bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows
them to withstand very harsh environments and to shed the coating when conditions
become more favorable to them
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Acquired immunity - ✔✔immunity that is developed after overcoming a disease,
through inoculation (such as flu vaccinations) or through exposure to natural allergens
(such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed)
✔✔Vitamin E - ✔✔Helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's UV light
✔✔Natural immunity - ✔✔Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through
healthy living
✔✔Antibiotics - ✔✔Substances that kill or slow the growth of bacteria and other
microorganisms
✔✔Vitamin c - ✔✔an important substance needed for proper repair of the skin and
tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skin's dermal tissues; aids in and
promotes the skin's healing process
✔✔Nutrition - ✔✔The processes involved in taking in nutrients and assimilating and
utilizing them
✔✔Water - ✔✔Makes up 50 to 70 percent of the body's weight and is necessary for
virtually every function of the cells and body
✔✔Fats - ✔✔Nutrients needed for many body functions, including hormones, sebum
production, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K
✔✔Allergies - ✔✔Hypersensitivity disorders of the immune system
✔✔Vitamins - ✔✔nutrients required for many body functions to occur, including normal
metabolism
✔✔Immunity - ✔✔The ability of the body to resist and destroy pathogens and respond
to infection
✔✔Patch test - ✔✔A test for identifying a possible allergy in a client; also known as a
predisposition test
✔✔Vitamin D - ✔✔Enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element
needed for proper bone development and maintenance. Vitamin D also promotes rapid
healing of the skin
,✔✔Ergonomics - ✔✔The science of designing the workplace as well as its equipment
and tools to make specific body movements more comfortable, efficient, and safe
✔✔Porous - ✔✔Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings; porous
items are absorbent
✔✔Pathogenic disease - ✔✔disease produced by organisms, including bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and parasites
✔✔Cleaning - ✔✔a mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent
and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs. Cleaning
also removes invisible debris that interfere with disinfection. Cleaning is what
cosmetologists are required to do before disinfecting
✔✔Fungi - ✔✔Single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses and include molds,
mildews, and yeasts; they can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm
✔✔Occupational disease - ✔✔Illness resulting from conditions associated with
employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or
ingredients
✔✔Nonpathogenic - ✔✔Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions
and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm
✔✔Standard precautions - ✔✔Are guidelines published by the CDC that require the
employer and employee to assume that any human blood and body fluids are potentially
infectious
✔✔Communicable - ✔✔Also to be communicated; transferable by contact from one
person to another as in a communicable disease
✔✔Direct transmission - ✔✔Transmission of pathogens through touching (including
shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking
✔✔Human papillomavirus - ✔✔Abbreviated HPV; virus that can infect the bottom of the
foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups; also a cutaneous viral
infection commonly contracted through sexual transmission and exhibited by genital
warts
✔✔Herpes simplex virus - ✔✔An inflammatory disease of the skin caused by a viral
infection and characterized by small vesicles in clusters
✔✔Infection control - ✔✔The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of
infectious organisms from one individual to another
, ✔✔Bacteria - ✔✔Single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal
characteristics; some bacteria are harmful, some are harmless
✔✔Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - ✔✔Abbreviated AIDS; a disease that breaks
down the body's immune system; AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)
✔✔Efficacy - ✔✔The ability of a product to produce the intended effect; on a
disinfectant label, it indicates specific pathogens destroyed or disabled when used
properly
✔✔Diagnosis - ✔✔Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or
diagnostic tests; federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a
diagnosis
✔✔Asymptomatic - ✔✔Showing no symptoms or signs of infection
✔✔Ringworm - ✔✔A fungal infection of the skin that appears in circular lesions
✔✔Contamination - ✔✔The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood
or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface, or visible debris or residues
such as dust, hair, and skin.
✔✔Microorganism - ✔✔Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size
✔✔Inflammation - ✔✔A condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or
infection, characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling
✔✔infection - ✔✔The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens
✔✔methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - ✔✔abbreviated MRSA; a type of
infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics
✔✔pediculosis capitis - ✔✔Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice
✔✔systemic infection - ✔✔An infection where the pathogen has distributed throughout
the body rather than staying in one area or organ
✔✔Bacterial spores - ✔✔Bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows
them to withstand very harsh environments and to shed the coating when conditions
become more favorable to them
